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The present challenge in the treatment of tumors is to reduce the
number of patients that still die as a result of primary tumors.
Today, the percentage of such deaths remains high at 30%, even when
all the common therapeutic methods, namely surgery, radiotherapy,
and chemotherapy, are applied. In order to reduce this percentage,
new types of radiation sources with a higher linear energy transfer
have been intro duced, such as neutrons and pions. Fractionation
patterns have been modified and radiosensitizers have been applied
to in crease biological efficiency. Studies of the combined
application of chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been made to find
the best therapeutic effect. In the early 1970s biological findings
confirmed the effect of hyperthermia on tumor cells. The first
clinical studies on hyper thermia treatment demonstrated that it
resulted in better local tumor control. Further application of this
treatment modality showed that hyperthermia should be used in
addition to radio therapy and chemotherapy. Despite these
encouraging results, hyperthermia has not been introduced into
common clinical use, due primarily to technical problems. There are
a number of methods of transferring heat into tumors; however, with
regard to physical conditions, an op timum method has not yet been
found. One of the reasons is that up to now we have had no reliable
method of obtaining thermal mapping of all parts of the human body.
Such measurements are required not only for dosimetric purposes but
also for the regula tion of a hyperthermic system."
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