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In summary, we can conclude that the contributions of the different
ionization processes to the total ionization rate for the most
abundant interstellar species are basically known. The ionization
of the noble gases He and Ne is almost completely dominated by
photoionization, whereas for H charge-exchange with the solar wind
is most important. For other species, such as 0 and Ar, both
processes contribute significantly. Electron impact ionization can
typically contribute by '" 10% to the total rate in the inner Solar
System. Because direct measurements of the solar EUV flux are not
yet continuously available, the variation of the ionization rate
over the solar cycle still contains a relatively large uncertainty.
The recent measurements of pickup ion distributions and of the
neutral helium gas provide an independent tool to determine the
total ionization rate that can be used to cross calibrate with the
results obtained for the individual ionization processes.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to M. Allen for supplying
us with new data on photoioniza tion cross-sections compiled by
him. We thank also M. Gruntman for drawing our attention to and
support in collecting the most recent data on charge-exchange
cross-sections. D. R. was supported by grant No. 2 P03C. 004. 09
from the Com mittee for Scientific Research (Poland). This work was
also supported in part through NASA contract NAS7-918, NSF Grant
INT-911637, NASA Grant NAGW- 2579.
In summary, we can conclude that the contributions of the different
ionization processes to the total ionization rate for the most
abundant interstellar species are basically known. The ionization
of the noble gases He and Ne is almost completely dominated by
photoionization, whereas for H charge-exchange with the solar wind
is most important. For other species, such as 0 and Ar, both
processes contribute significantly. Electron impact ionization can
typically contribute by '" 10% to the total rate in the inner Solar
System. Because direct measurements of the solar EUV flux are not
yet continuously available, the variation of the ionization rate
over the solar cycle still contains a relatively large uncertainty.
The recent measurements of pickup ion distributions and of the
neutral helium gas provide an independent tool to determine the
total ionization rate that can be used to cross calibrate with the
results obtained for the individual ionization processes.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to M. Allen for supplying
us with new data on photoioniza tion cross-sections compiled by
him. We thank also M. Gruntman for drawing our attention to and
support in collecting the most recent data on charge-exchange
cross-sections. D. R. was supported by grant No. 2 P03C. 004. 09
from the Com mittee for Scientific Research (Poland). This work was
also supported in part through NASA contract NAS7-918, NSF Grant
INT-911637, NASA Grant NAGW- 2579.
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Think Like A Pro
M.A. Lee
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R302
Discovery Miles 3 020
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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Title: Sybil: or, the Last of the Barons. An historical drama, in
three acts and in verse].Publisher: British Library, Historical
Print EditionsThe British Library is the national library of the
United Kingdom. It is one of the world's largest research libraries
holding over 150 million items in all known languages and formats:
books, journals, newspapers, sound recordings, patents, maps,
stamps, prints and much more. Its collections include around 14
million books, along with substantial additional collections of
manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 300 BC.The
POETRY & DRAMA collection includes books from the British
Library digitised by Microsoft. The books reflect the complex and
changing role of literature in society, ranging from Bardic poetry
to Victorian verse. Containing many classic works from important
dramatists and poets, this collection has something for every lover
of the stage and verse. ++++The below data was compiled from
various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this
title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to
insure edition identification: ++++ British Library Lee, M A.;
1878. 8 . 11781.df.7.
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