This is the second of the set of three volumes in the Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series, that will cover the area of the hormonal regulation of plant growth and development. The overall plan for the set assumes that this area of plant physiology is sufficiently mature for a review of current knowl edge to be organized in terms of unifying principles and processes. Reviews in the past have generally treated each class of hormone individually, but this set of volumes is subdivided according to the properties common to all classes. Such an organization permits the examination of the hypothesis that differing classes of hormones, acting according to common principles, are determinants of processes and phases in plant development. Also in keeping with this theme, a plant hormone is defined as a compound with the properties held in common by the native members of the recognized classes of hormone. Current knowledge of the hormonal regulation of plant development is grouped so that the three volumes consider advancing levels of organizational complexity, viz: molecular and subcellular; cells, tissues, organs, and the plant as an organized whole; and the plant in relation to its environment."

Heliothis ("Bull worm") species are one of the major pests of field crops worldwide, including sorghum, tomatoes, lettuce, and cotton. Pest problems have intensified over the years as the total area given to agricultural host plants has increased. This comprehensive text, written by experienced researchers, assembles biological and ecological research techniques and approaches to Heliothis management: from the fundamental question of defining genetic species to collecting, rearing, and sampling techniques for the construction of life tables; the measurement of predator impact and physiological development; the detection and measurement of behavior, migration, and diapause; population genetics and resistance. Approaches to modelling population dynamics are also explored. This book is intended for beginning research students as well as experienced workers. It will be a valuable reference for entomologists, population ecologists, and agronomists concerned with crop protection.

The material has been designed in accordance with the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) for senior phase. This material aims to equip learners with real life skills for personal development and the development of the community. It focuses on the efficient and effective use of different types of private, public or collective resources to satisfy people’s needs and wants while reflecting critically on the impact of resources exploitation on the environment and the people. The material also deals with the effective management of scarce resources. The teacher’s guide also incorporates a comprehensive year plan to guide the teacher together with exemplars of all formal assessments with Model answers and memoranda. Suggested answers to the activities are also included and guidelines for the teacher provide valuable insight into the work covered.