This publication primarily focuses on the macro- and micro-rheological behavior of blood and its formed elements, on interactions between the formed elements and blood vessel walls, and on the microvascular aspects of hemodynamics. Since many aspects of hemorheology and hemodynamics are affected by disease or clinical states, these effects are discussed here, such as hyperviscosity syndromes, therapy for disturbed blood rheology, and methods in hemorheology and hemodynamics. Sections of the handbook include History of Hemorheology; Hemorheology, covering basic aspects, blood composition, blood rheology, cell mechanics, pathophysiology, methods and comparative studies; Hemodynamics, covering basic principles, microcirculation, in vivo effects, endothelium and methods; and clinical aspects of Hemorheology, covering hyperviscosity, clinical significance and treatment.The goal is to foster greater interchange between workers in the field so as to promote collaborative efforts and, hopefully, improved health. In selecting topics for this handbook the editors have attempted to provide a general overview of both basic science and clinical hemorheology and hemodynamics. Hemorheology and hemodynamics are closely related, the former dealing with all aspects of the flow and interactions of the individual blood cells mostly dealing with all aspects of the flow and interactions of the individual blood cells mostly studied in vitro, the latter with the in vivo relationships among vessel architecture, driving pressure, flow rate and shear stress. The linkage between the in vitro and in vivo research described in the book will be of interest to both basic science and clinical investigators.

xi List of first authors xiii Acknowledgements xv INTRODUCTICN Approaches to radiolabelling blood d-c cells: past, present and future M. L. Thakur 3 CELL LABELLllJG TEDlNIQUES 2 Labelling techniques of granulocytes and platelets 17 with 111 In-oxinate M. R. Hardeman, E. G. J. Eitjes-van Overbeek, A. J. M. van Velzen, M. H. Rovekarnp 111rndium-labelling of human washed platelets; kinetics 3 29 and in vivo sequestration sites M. Eber, J. P. Cazenave, J. C. Grob, J. Abecassis, G. !o1ethlin 111Indium loss from platelets by in vitro and ex 4 44 vivo manipulation R. J. Hawker, C. E. Hall, H. C-oldman, C. N. McCollum PIATELEl'S: KrnETIC STUDIES 5 The maturation of megakaryocytes and their precursors 65 J. H. Paulus 6 !o1egakaryocytic precursors 74 J. Breton-Gorius, W. Vainchenker 7 !-1ethods of quantification of platelet production 86 in man. A critical analysis Y. Najean vi 8 Platelet production rate deteDmination with (75se)_ seleno-m:thionine R. Cardinaud, E. Dassin 96 9 Platelet kinetics: the state of the art A. duP Heyns 110 10 Platelet kinetics A. M. Peters 130 Evaluation of models to deteDmine platelet life 11 span and survival curve shape M. G. LOtter, C. P. Herbst, P. N. Badenhorst, A. duP Heyns, P. Wessels, P. C. Minnaar 139 12 Canparison of three m:thods evaluating platelet survival tim: in patients with prosthetic heart valve J. Schbath, D. Ville, B. Hathy, B. Sanchini, E. Benveniste, J. Belleville, M. Dechavanne, J. P. Boissel, J.

AIMS OF THE COLOGNE-SYMPOSIUM ON RADIOLABELLED PLATELETS In 1976, M. Thakur et al (1) were the first to publish a paper concerning the in vivo thrombus detection with 111- In-labelled platelets. Previous attempts at scintigraphic thrombus localisation had been disappointing because of the unspecific binding of a number of the isotopes used, as well as the poor labelling efficiency or an insufficient low gamma-emitting property. Because of its physical characteristics (2.8 days half-life, 94% gamma emission) 111 Indium turned out to be the best isotope for platelet kinetic studies as well as for the measurement of platelet incorporation by Thrombi to be used up until now. The lipophile complexes of Ill-In (8-hydroxyquinoline, acetylacetone, tropolone) diffuse passively into the platelets without altering the function or the life span of the platelets. This advantage has let to an increase in the clinical applications of 1211-In labelled platelets. Today, radiolabelled platelets are used for thrombus detection in several different medical areas such as cardiology, nephrology. angiology or neurology. Even though many scientists and hospital doctors now routinely use radiolabelled platelet as a diagnostic tool, there is as yet not a standardized labelling method. In addition to this, there are neither standardized image procedures for the different clinical applications nor an agreement about specificity and sensitivity of the method. In 1983, a symposium on Radiolabelled Cellular Blood Elements was organized by M.Thakur, M.R.Hardeman and M.D.