This stimulating book examines the key issues - including border management, water cooperation, and connectivity - challenges and possibilities in Bangladesh-India relations in the last fifty years. The book also investigates the role of the 'China factor', the role of civil society in Bangladesh-India relations and maps out the future course of actions in Bangladesh-India partnership in the post-pandemic world. The book contributes to both from theoretical and policy perspective and therefore will be immensely useful to the students of International Relations, Political Science, to academics, researchers, and policymakers with interest on Bangladesh-India relations, Bangladesh foreign policy, India's foreign policy in particular, and South Asia in general.

The book reports the results of an impact assessment study of rural libraries in Bangladesh. The main objective of this study was to assess the performance and impact of rural libraries on rural communities in Bangladesh. The book covers literature review relating to user studies, rural information needs and seeking behaviour and impact assessment studies, delineates rural library projects in the developing and developed world, describes the summary of focus group discussions (FGDs), discusses the rural library situation in Bangladesh and presents summary of findings, recommendations and conclusion. The results of this study showed that rural library services have the potential to make a positive impact on community development in Bangladesh. The results also yielded several implications for rural libraries in Bangladesh, including how their services could be improved to have even greater impact on the communities they serve. Finally, the book proposes a model plan for rural libraries which can be replicated to speed up rural development in Bangladesh and beyond.

Cooperative communication allows several nodes to cooperatively transmit signals to a particular destination. Using cooperative communication, wireless networks could mitigate severe channel impairments arising from multipath propagation. In this case, the greater benefits are gained by exploiting spatial diversity in the channel. In this book, an overview on cooperative communication in wireless networks is presented. Practical issues and challenges in cooperative communication are identified. Cooperative routing strategies in different networks (wireless mesh networks, ad hoc networks and wireless sensor networks) are discussed. However, cooperative routing strategy in a network with multiple flows may cause collision among helping nodes and thus, reduce the overall system performance. In this book, a new routing protocol based on new routing metric called Contention Sensitive Cooperative Metric (CSCM) is discussed, which takes contention relationship into consideration. Finally, the performance of the routing protocol has been evaluated using simulation. The results demonstrate significant performance improvement of cooperative communication while using CSCM.

Optical amplifiers not only permit propagation of lightwave signals over thousand of kilometers, they also enables the use of massive WDM system and have led to the development of lightwave systems with capacities exceeding 1Tb/s. Fiber nonlinearities plays a very important role in designing such high capacity lightwave system. Two such nonlinear effects, cross-phase modulation (XPM) and self-phase modulation (SPM) are the prime subjects of concern in this book. XPM and SPM are two phase modulation phenomena subjected to the nonlinear intensity dependence of the core refractive index. Dispersion causes these phase modulations to appear as intensity variation of the propagating signal at the receiving end of the system. This book is based on the extensive analytical study on Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM) and Self-Phase Modulation (SPM), which have a very significant effect on today's high speed DWDM system. Throughout this book, the authors have presented their research outcome and relevant theoretical overview. This book will help, researchers and students who are working with the performance analysis of optical system due to different fiber nonlinearities.

Efficient generation of combinatorial objects is a well-researched area. Among them many literature devoted on the combinatorial Gray code approach where the goal is to find a Hamiltonian path or cycle in a representative graph of the corresponding combinatorial class. Another approach namely genealogical tree approach has been recently introduced where the goal is to find a rooted spanning tree in the representative graph. Researchers have also focused on finding general patterns in the generation techniques of combinatorial classes so that common approaches can be applied to a large number of related problems. Here, we propose a unifying framework for combinatorial generation by giving recursive definition of an abstract combinatorial class. The definition can be instantiated to an array of specific combinatorial classes namely n-tuple, combination, integer partition, set partition and binary trees by specifying the framework parameters appropriately. As an illustration, we show the instantiation of the combinatorial class of n-tuples, combinations and balanced parenthesis strings and also give novel constant-time generation algorithm for each of them.

Deep linguistic processing is a research-intensive area with several potential applications. Amidst the vast literature on formal linguistic theory, Head- driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) has a unique position, since it combines the best features of the contemporary approaches as well as establishes an integrated framework for cross-layer representation of linguistic objects. There is very few HPSG analysis of Arabic morphological, syntactic and semantic features. Arabic is the best instance of nonconcatenative morphology among the living languages. Arabic verb system shows a rich morphology, capable of lexically expressing diverse syntactic and semantic phenomena. Formalisms of existing morphological analyzers for Arabic cannot capture this higher layer diversity due to a lack of mathematical rigor and expressiveness. In this book, we discuss the HPSG framework to support rich nonconcatenative morphology of Arabic verbs. We present HPSG analysis of the agency of Arabic passives and reflexives as well as morphologically complex predication of causatives in accordance with the existing analysis in other languages.