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In the half millennium of their existence, guilds in the Low
Countries played a highly significant role in shaping the societies
of which they were a part. One key aspect that has been identified
in recent historical research to explain the survival of the guilds
for such a long time is the guilds' continued adaptability to
changing circumstances. This idea of flexibility is the point of
departure for the essays in this volume, which sheds new light on
the corporate system and identifies its various features and
regional variances. The contributors explore the interrelations
between economic organisations and political power in late medieval
and early modern towns, and address issues of gender, religion and
social welfare in the context of the guilds. This cohesive and
focussed volume will provide a stimulus for renewed interest and
further research in this area. It will appeal to scholars and
students with an interest in early modern economic, social and
cultural history in particular, but will also be valuable to those
researching into political, religious and gender history.
In the half millennium of their existence, guilds in the Low
Countries played a highly significant role in shaping the societies
of which they were a part. One key aspect that has been identified
in recent historical research to explain the survival of the guilds
for such a long time is the guilds' continued adaptability to
changing circumstances. This idea of flexibility is the point of
departure for the essays in this volume, which sheds new light on
the corporate system and identifies its various features and
regional variances. The contributors explore the interrelations
between economic organisations and political power in late medieval
and early modern towns, and address issues of gender, religion and
social welfare in the context of the guilds. This cohesive and
focussed volume will provide a stimulus for renewed interest and
further research in this area. It will appeal to scholars and
students with an interest in early modern economic, social and
cultural history in particular, but will also be valuable to those
researching into political, religious and gender history.
This volume takes stock of recent research on economic growth, as well as the development of capital and labour markets, during the centuries that preceded the Industrial Revolution. The book underlines the diversity in the economic experiences of early modern Europeans and suggests how this variety might be the foundation of a new conception of economic and social change.
This volume takes stock of recent research on economic growth, as
well as the development of capital and labour markets, during the
centuries that preceded the Industrial Revolution. The book
underlines the diversity in the economic experiences of early
modern Europeans and suggests how this variety might be the
foundation of a new conception of economic and social change.
The Dutch National Research Agenda is a set of national priorities
that are set by scientists working in conjunction with
corporations, civil society organisations, and interested citizens.
The agenda consolidates the questions that scientific research will
be focused on in the coming year. This book covers the current
status of the Dutch National Research Agenda and considers what
changes and adjustments may need to be made to the process in order
to keep Dutch national research at the top of the pack.
An in-depth examination of the crucial role that Amsterdam played
in Rembrandt's evolution as an artist Around the age of 25,
Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669) moved from his hometown of Leiden to
Amsterdam, which was the commercial capital of northern Europe at
that time. Considered a bold step for a fledgling artist, this
change demonstrates that Rembrandt wanted to benefit financially
from Amsterdam's robust art market. He soon married the cousin of a
successful art dealer, and came into frequent contact with wealthy
and sophisticated patrons who eagerly commissioned him to paint
their portraits. The artist's style quickly evolved from the small,
meticulous panels of his Leiden period to the broadly brushed,
dramatically lit, and realistically rendered canvases for which he
is renowned. Rembrandt in Amsterdam explores this pivotal
transition in the artist's career and reveals how the stimulating
and affluent environment of Amsterdam inspired him to reach his
full potential. Lavishly illustrated, this volume offers a
fascinating look into Amsterdam's unparalleled creative community
and its role in Rembrandt's development of a wide-ranging brand
that comprised landscapes, genre scenes, history paintings,
portraits, and printmaking. Distributed for the National Gallery of
Canada, Ottawa Exhibition Schedule: National Gallery of Canada,
Ottawa (May 14-September 6, 2021) Stadel Museum, Frankfurt am Main
(Fall 2021)
How medieval Dutch society laid the foundations for modern
capitalism The Netherlands was one of the pioneers of capitalism in
the Middle Ages, giving rise to the spectacular Dutch Golden Age
while ushering in an era of unprecedented, long-term economic
growth across Europe. Pioneers of Capitalism examines the informal
institutions in the Netherlands that made this economic miracle
possible, providing a groundbreaking new history of the emergence
and early development of capitalism. Drawing on the latest
quantitative theories in economic research, Maarten Prak and Jan
Luiten van Zanden show how Dutch cities, corporations, guilds,
commons, and other private and semipublic organizations provided
safeguards for market transactions in the state's absence. Informal
institutions developed in the Netherlands long before the state
created public safeguards for economic activity. Prak and van
Zanden argue that, in the Netherlands itself, capitalism emerged
within a robust civil society that constrained and counterbalanced
its centrifugal forces, but that an unrestrained capitalism ruled
in the overseas territories. Rather than collapsing under
unrestricted greed, the Dutch economy flourished, but prosperity at
home came at the price of slavery and other dire consequences for
people outside Europe. Pioneers of Capitalism offers a panoramic
account of the early history of capitalism, revealing how a small
region of medieval Europe transformed itself into a powerhouse of
sustained economic growth, and changed the world in the process.
Rembrandt, Hals and Vermeer are still household names, even though
they died over three hundred years ago. In their lifetimes they
witnessed the extraordinary consolidation of the newly independent
Dutch Republic and its emergence as one of the richest nations on
earth. As one contemporary wrote in 1673: the Dutch were 'the envy
of some, the fear of others, and the wonder of all their
neighbours'. During the Dutch Golden Age, the arts blossomed and
the country became a haven of religious tolerance. However, despite
being self-proclaimed champions of freedom, the Dutch conquered
communities in America, Africa and Asia and were heavily involved
in both slavery and the slave trade on three continents. This
substantially revised second edition of the leading textbook on the
Dutch Republic includes a new chapter exploring slavery and its
legacy, as well as a new chapter on language and literature.
Citizenship is at the heart of our contemporary world but it is a
particular vision of national citizenship forged in the French
Revolution. In Citizens without Nations, Maarten Prak recovers the
much longer tradition of urban citizenship across the medieval and
early modern world. Ranging from Europe and the American colonies
to China and the Middle East, he reveals how the role of 'ordinary
people' in urban politics has been systematically underestimated
and how civic institutions such as neighbourhood associations,
craft guilds, confraternities and civic militias helped shape local
and state politics. By destroying this local form of citizenship,
the French Revolution initially made Europe less, rather than more
democratic. Understanding citizenship's longer-term history allows
us to change the way we conceive of its future, rethink what it is
that makes some societies more successful than others, and whether
there are fundamental differences between European and non-European
societies.
Rembrandt, Hals and Vermeer are still household names, even though
they died over three hundred years ago. In their lifetimes they
witnessed the extraordinary consolidation of the newly independent
Dutch Republic and its emergence as one of the richest nations on
earth. As one contemporary wrote in 1673: the Dutch were 'the envy
of some, the fear of others, and the wonder of all their
neighbours'. During the Dutch Golden Age, the arts blossomed and
the country became a haven of religious tolerance. However, despite
being self-proclaimed champions of freedom, the Dutch conquered
communities in America, Africa and Asia and were heavily involved
in both slavery and the slave trade on three continents. This
substantially revised second edition of the leading textbook on the
Dutch Republic includes a new chapter exploring slavery and its
legacy, as well as a new chapter on language and literature.
This is the first comparative and comprehensive account of
occupational training before the Industrial Revolution.
Apprenticeship was a critical part of human capital formation, and,
because of this, it has a central role to play in understanding
economic growth in the past. At the same time, it was a key stage
in the lives of many people, whose access to skills and experience
of learning were shaped by the guilds that trained them. The local
and national studies contained in this volume bring together the
latest research into how skills training worked across Europe in an
era before the emergence of national school systems. These essays,
written to a common agenda and drawing on major new datasets,
systematically outline the features of what amounted to a
European-wide system of skills education, and provide essential
insights into a key institution of economic and social history.
Citizenship is at the heart of our contemporary world but it is a
particular vision of national citizenship forged in the French
Revolution. In Citizens without Nations, Maarten Prak recovers the
much longer tradition of urban citizenship across the medieval and
early modern world. Ranging from Europe and the American colonies
to China and the Middle East, he reveals how the role of 'ordinary
people' in urban politics has been systematically underestimated
and how civic institutions such as neighbourhood associations,
craft guilds, confraternities and civic militias helped shape local
and state politics. By destroying this local form of citizenship,
the French Revolution initially made Europe less, rather than more
democratic. Understanding citizenship's longer-term history allows
us to change the way we conceive of its future, rethink what it is
that makes some societies more successful than others, and whether
there are fundamental differences between European and non-European
societies.
Citizenship has come under intense discussion recently because of
threats to welfare and shifting immigration policies. The European
Union has opened transnational citizenship rights and fledgling
democracies throughout the world are struggling to establish their
own versions of citizenship. Extending Citizenship, Reconfiguring
States connects all these current discussions and places them in
historical perspective. The book presents a thematically unified
analysis of changing citizenship practices over two centuries_from
the eve of the French Revolution to contemporary China. Showing how
rights emerge with the appearance of new social groups and the
reconfiguration of states, the authors identify conditions under
which rights and citizenship expand as new groups develop within
consolidated states as well as how rights and citizenship emerge
within fragmented states with cross-cutting legal jurisdictions.
For a long time guilds have been condemned as a major obstacle to
economic progress in the pre-industrial era. This re-examination of
the role of guilds in the early modern European economy challenges
that view by taking into account fresh research on innovation,
technological change and entrepreneurship. Leading economic
historians argue that industry before the Industrial Revolution was
much more innovative than previous studies have allowed for and
explore the different products and production techniques that were
launched and developed in this period. Much of this innovation was
fostered by the craft guilds that formed the backbone of industrial
production before the rise of the steam engine. The book traces the
manifold ways in which guilds in a variety of industries in Italy,
Austria, Germany, Switzerland, France, Belgium, the Netherlands,
and Britain helped to create an institutional environment conducive
to technological and marketing innovations.
For a long time guilds have been condemned as a major obstacle to
economic progress in the pre-industrial era. This re-examination of
the role of guilds in the early modern European economy challenges
that view by taking into account fresh research on innovation,
technological change and entrepreneurship. Leading economic
historians argue that industry before the Industrial Revolution was
much more innovative than previous studies have allowed for and
explore the different products and production techniques that were
launched and developed in this period. Much of this innovation was
fostered by the craft guilds that formed the backbone of industrial
production before the rise of the steam engine. The book traces the
manifold ways in which guilds in a variety of industries in Italy,
Austria, Germany, Switzerland, France, Belgium, the Netherlands,
and Britain helped to create an institutional environment conducive
to technological and marketing innovations.
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