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This book, in its second edition, introduces readers to the
economics of immigration, which is a booming field within
economics. The main themes and objectives of the book are for
readers to understand the decision to migrate, the impacts of
immigration on markets and government budgets and the consequences
of immigration policies in a global context. Our goal is for
readers to be able to make informed economic arguments about key
issues related to immigration around the world. This book applies
economic tools to the topic of immigration to answer questions like
whether immigration raises or lowers the standard of living of
people in a country. The book examines many other consequences of
immigration as well, such as the effect on tax revenues and
government expenditures, the effect on how and what firms decide to
produce and the effect on income inequality, to name just a few. It
also examines questions like what determines whether people choose
to move and where they decide to go. It even examines how
immigration affects the ethnic diversity of restaurants and
financial markets. Readers will learn how to apply economic tools
to the topic of immigration. Immigration is frequently in the news
as more people move around the world to work, to study and to join
family members. The economics of immigration has important policy
implications. Immigration policy is controversial in many
countries. This book explains why this is so and equips the reader
to understand and contribute to policy debates on this important
topic.
This book, in its second edition, introduces readers to the
economics of immigration, which is a booming field within
economics. The main themes and objectives of the book are for
readers to understand the decision to migrate, the impacts of
immigration on markets and government budgets and the consequences
of immigration policies in a global context. Our goal is for
readers to be able to make informed economic arguments about key
issues related to immigration around the world. This book applies
economic tools to the topic of immigration to answer questions like
whether immigration raises or lowers the standard of living of
people in a country. The book examines many other consequences of
immigration as well, such as the effect on tax revenues and
government expenditures, the effect on how and what firms decide to
produce and the effect on income inequality, to name just a few. It
also examines questions like what determines whether people choose
to move and where they decide to go. It even examines how
immigration affects the ethnic diversity of restaurants and
financial markets. Readers will learn how to apply economic tools
to the topic of immigration. Immigration is frequently in the news
as more people move around the world to work, to study and to join
family members. The economics of immigration has important policy
implications. Immigration policy is controversial in many
countries. This book explains why this is so and equips the reader
to understand and contribute to policy debates on this important
topic.
Technology, Growth, and the Labor Market brings together research
by economists from academia and the Federal Reserve System. The
first section of the volume includes discussions by monetary
policymakers with firsthand experience in determining how
technology affects productivity, inequality, and macroeconomic
growth. Papers in the second section discuss the sources of the
surge in labor productivity growth during the latter half of the
1990s and present forecasts of labor productivity growth rates
during the next few years. In the third section, the papers focus
on the role of technological advances in changes in earnings
inequality in the labor market. The authors examine whether
inequality should be viewed as a causal result of skill-biased
technological change or whether there is a missing link - or
perhaps no link - between changes in technology and changes in wage
inequality. The final section explores the relationships between
computer investment, worker skills, human resource practices, and
productivity at the industry and firm levels.
In recent years, economic prognosticators have pondered whether the
U.S. economy has entered a new era. This "new economy" is generally
characterized as having technological innovations that have raised
productivity and, accordingly, removed pricing power from the
world's producers on a more lasting basis. Although the 2001
recession quelled the discussion about whether the United States,
and perhaps even the world, had entered a period characterized by
sustained high levels of economic growth, researchers continue to
investigate the effects of technological change on the economy.
This volume examines the underpinnings of the new economy -
technology and its effects on macroeconomic growth and the labor
market.
Technology, Growth, and the Labor Market brings together research
by economists from academia and the Federal Reserve System. The
first section of the volume includes discussions by monetary
policymakers with firsthand experience in determining how
technology affects productivity, inequality, and macroeconomic
growth. Papers in the second section discuss the sources of the
surge in labor productivity growth during the latter half of the
1990s and present forecasts of labor productivity growth rates
during the next few years. In the third section, the papers focus
on the role of technological advances in changes in earnings
inequality in the labor market. The authors examine whether
inequality should be viewed as a causal result of skill-biased
technological change or whether there is a missing link - or
perhaps no link - between changes in technology and changes in wage
inequality. The final section explores the relationships between
computer investment, worker skills, human resource practices, and
productivity at the industry and firm levels.
"I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"-the last line of Emma
Lazarus's famous poem invites immigrants to enter a land of
economic opportunity. Many have accepted that invitation; today,
foreign-born workers make up nearly 16 percent of the U.S.
workforce and account for almost half of workforce growth over the
last decade. Rather than capitalizing on these gains, however,
recent immigration reforms have resulted in an inefficient,
patchwork system that shortchanges high-skilled immigrants and
poorly serves the American public. Beside the Golden Door: U.S.
Immigration Reform in a New Era of Globalization proposes a radical
overhaul of current immigration policy designed to strengthen
economic competitiveness and long-run growth. Pia M. Orrenius and
Madeline Zavodny outline a plan that favors employment-based
immigration over family reunification, making work-based visas the
rule, not the exception. They argue that immigration policy should
favor high-skilled workers while retaining avenues for low-skilled
immigration; family reunification should be limited to spouses and
minor children; provisional visas should be the norm; and quotas
that lead to queuing must be eliminated. A selective immigration
policy focused on high-skilled, high-demand workers will allow the
United States to compete in an increasingly global economy while
protecting the interests of American citizens and benefiting
taxpayers. Orrenius and Zavodny conclude that "while not all
potential immigrants who knock at the golden door should be
admitted, the door should swing wide open to welcome those who
desire nothing more than the opportunity to work for the American
dream."
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