This book, written for the layperson, provides evidence-based material explaining the complex and evolving evidence of the benefits and limitations of breast cancer screening and the advances in breast cancer treatment. A diagnosis of breast cancer is one of the most emotionally charged statements a woman can hear from her doctor. Understanding the rapid changes in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment is challenging, especially for those without a medical background. This book will help explain the strengths and weaknesses of breast cancer screening, breast cancer treatment, and ways of coping with the disease (for oneself or a loved one). Written for the layperson, this text explains the history of disease prevention with a specific emphasis on breast cancer detection and treatment. The main chapters weigh the pros and cons of well-known but often mystifying screening tests, such as mammograms; discuss the benefits and side effects of targeted hormone therapies; consider holistic regimens that complement traditional medicine; and explore the mental, physical, and emotional strain caused by breast cancer. Concluding with the current breast cancer screening guidelines recommended by leading organizations in disease prevention, Breast Cancer Facts, Myths, and Controversies not only engages with the history of breast cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, it looks ahead to a brighter future for survivors. Includes reader-friendly descriptions of screening tests and treatments, along with their benefits and risks Addresses the debate surrounding modern biomarker and genetic tests and whether or not testing is excessive Includes a list of support groups and organizations, as well as a summary of screening guidelines Includes a glossary of breast disease terms and terms used in testing and treatment Written by an expert epidemiologist known internationally whose career has focused on women's health

Worldwide, cancer is responsible for one in eight deaths-more than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined. This global burden starkly illustrates the inequality between the developed and the developing world. While the majority of people living in developed countries receive timely treatment, those living in developing countries are not as fortunate and their survival rates are much lower-not only due to delays in diagnosis, but also to a lack of personnel, a paucity of treatment facilities, and the unavailability of many medications. Routine screening-a mainstay in the developed world-could greatly increase the likelihood of identifying individuals with early stage cancers and thus reduce the number of people who present with advanced disease. This book represents a critical addition to the literature of global health studies. Focusing on cervical, breast, and oral cancers, these case studies highlight innovative strategies in cancer screening in a diverse array of developing countries. The authors discuss common issues and share how obstacles-medical, economic, legal, social, and psychological-were addressed or overcome in specific settings. Each chapter offers an empirical discussion of the nature and scope of a screening program, the methodology used, and its findings, along with a candid discussion of challenges and limitations and suggestions for future efforts.

Worldwide, cancer is responsible for one in eight deaths - more than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined. This global burden starkly illustrates the inequality between the developed and the developing world. While the majority of people living in developed countries receive timely treatment, those living in developing countries are not as fortunate and their survival rates are much lower-not only due to delays in diagnosis, but also to a lack of personnel, a paucity of treatment facilities, and the unavailability of many medications. Routine screening-a mainstay in the developed world - could greatly increase the likelihood of identifying individuals with early stage cancers and thus reduce the number of people who present with advanced disease. This book represents a critical addition to the literature of global health studies. Focusing on cervical, breast, and oral cancers, these case studies highlight innovative strategies in cancer screening in a diverse array of developing countries. The authors discuss common issues and share how obstacles-medical, economic, legal, social, and psychological-were addressed or overcome in specific settings. Each chapter offers an empirical discussion of the nature and scope of a screening program, the methodology used, and its findings, along with a candid discussion of challenges and limitations and suggestions for future efforts. Hardcover is un-jacketed.

Fracking for gas trapped in shale could be a game changer in the quest to find alternatives to dirty fossil fuels, but it also has potential for harm. This book provides "one-stop shopping" for everyone who wants to know more about the issues. Oil and gas account for a large percentage of the world's energy consumption, and the search for new ways to extract both from the earth is a global quest. Fracking is viewed as an energy game-changer but is a controversial topic about which there is much misunderstanding. This unbiased work was written to bring clarity to the issues. Under the guidance of an internationally recognized public health expert, this book provides a comprehensive look at unconventional natural gas development from many different perspectives. Written for the layperson, the book dispels myths surrounding fracking, corrects misconceptions, and offers impartial, scientifically based information on both benefits and challenges. Readers will learn about the effects fracking has on the environment-our water, air, and climate-as well as on human and animal health. The contributors also look at the economics of fracking and at its socioeconomic impact on local communities and nations. They discuss legal and ethical issues related to the practice and, in keeping with the intent to provide a fair and balanced overview, share the industry perspective as well. Offers a comprehensive, impartial understanding of unconventional natural gas development from many different perspectives by experts in the field Draws from the findings of the most up-to-date research and discusses areas where scientific findings are yet unclear Addresses fracking's potential effects on humans, animals, and environmental factors including air quality, water quality, and climate change Explains the economic, legal, regulatory, and ethical issues surrounding fracking Examines social and community issues and the industry perspective

An essential review of the history, benefits, limitations, failures, and politics of pipelines, with a core focus on potential harms to environmental and human health. The United States holds the world record of having the largest network of energy pipelines, with more than 2.4 million miles of pipeline transporting oil or natural gas. Russia, China, and Canada as well as many other countries also have extensive pipelines. How safe is this means of transport, and is there a potential harm to the environment and human health? In this text, professor Madelon L. Finkel presents an essential and clearly-stated review of the pros and cons of transporting oil and natural gas by pipeline. Finkel dispels myths, inaccuracies, and misconceptions and highlights the potential dangers that must be considered in any country's energy policy. Pipeline Politics: Assessing the Benefits and Harms of Energy Policy provides a broad and accessible analysis of pipelines, from their history and safety to their politics and risks. Finkel examines the benefits and costs of pipelines in parallel as well as issues of environmental justice; the fairness of treatment of the people affected; and the development, implementation, and enforcement of pipeline laws, regulations, and policies. Clearly presents the benefits, limitations, and dangers of transporting crude oil and natural gas by pipeline Simply explains pipeline dangers to human health and the environment posed by spills, leaks, and explosions Presents a history of pipelines to enable readers to put current debates in perspective Addresses how pipeline politics are leading to the construction of more pipelines

Writing to be understood by the layreader, Finkel shows how breast cancer develops and explains the controversy surrounding mammography. How valid are the screenings? Who should be screened? How frequently? At what age? Should women be screened at all? This book dissects the issues to help present answers. Above all, says Finkel. Women need to make informed decisions, and to do what they need to understand the potential benefits and potential harms accompanying mammography.

This book includes a timeline showing changing public advice on mammography across the years. Listings explain how to see federal reports on mammography facilites and how to find and contact support groups. Finkel details the development of breast cancer and its various types of tumors, the treatment options, and the psychological effects. Also provided are techniques for--and questions to ask when--communicating with your doctor in order to make informed decisions.

The "politicalization" of research findings has become prevalent over the past two decades. Politics often prevents the implementation of policy supported by irrefutable science. Most of us understand something about how this is happening with stem cell research, but Cornell's Madelon Finkel delves deep into the subject to make the issues clear, also revealing how ideology and politics are distorting, diminishing, and destroying scientific research results regarding topics from needle exchange to medical marijuana use and HIV/AIDS prevention. When ideology--whether it is the ideology of scientists and clinicians or of politicians--distorts scientific findings and public health judgment, public welfare is endangered, potentially affecting every person in our nation. Finkel also discusses how research is funded and how ideology has influenced that process. Numerous examples are given to illustrate the consequences of co-opting the scientific integrity of a program in this way. Public health policies traced back and discussed in this book include those focused on: BLContraception BLThe Global AIDS epidemic BLStem Cell research BLMarijuana as medicine BLNeedle exchange programs BLTuberculosis control BLDietary supplements BLSilicone breast implants BLObesity BLVaccination and disease prevention

This book presents the findings of the highly respected eight-year Cornell-New York Hospital second opinion elective surgery program. The study covered 470,000 people in voluntary second opinion programs and an additional 273,000 people through a health insurance program mandating consultation. The authors present evidence that second opinion programs can effect significant medical cost reductions, even while enhancing the quality of care.