Today, our world increasingly is conceived of as being molecular. An ever widening range of phenomena are described logically in terms of molecular properties and molecular interactions. The majority of known molecules are heterocyclic and heterocycles dominate the fields of biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, dyestuffs, photographic science and are of increasing importance in many others, including polymers, adhesives, and molecular engineering. Thus, the importance of heterocyclic chemistry continues to increase and this three volume work by Drs. R. R. Gupta, Mahendra Kumar and Vandana Gupta is a welcome addition to the available guides on the subject. Its scope places it in a useful niche between the single-volume texts and monographs of heterocyclic chemistry and the multivolume treatises. The authors have retained the well tried classical approach but have succeeded in placing their own individual spin on their arrangement. They have put together a well selected range from among the most important of the vast array offacts available. This factual material is ordered in a clear and logical fashion over the three volumes. The present work should be of great value to students-and practitioners of heterocyclic chemistry at all levels from the advanced undergraduate upwards. It will be of particular assistance in presenting a clear and modem view of the subject to those who use heterocycles in a variety of other fields and we wish it well.

This advanced text-cum-reference book presents a comprehensive account of the syntheses, reactions, properties and applications of all the most significant classes of heterocyclic compounds. This second volume in the series is an essential tool not only for advanced undergraduates and graduates, but also for academic and industrial researchers in organic, medicinal, pharmaceutical, dye and agricultural chemistry.

This advanced text-cum-reference book presents a comprehensive account of the syntheses, reactions, properties and applications of all the most significant classes of heterocyclic compounds. This second volume in the series is an essential tool not only for advanced undergraduates and graduates, but also for academic and industrial researchers in organic, medicinal, pharmaceutical, dye and agricultural chemistry.

The amalgamation of post-quantum cryptography in cyber-physical systems makes the computing system secure and also generates opportunities in areas like smart contracts, quantum blockchain, and smart security solutions. Sooner or later, all computing and security systems are going to adopt quantum-proof cryptography to safeguard these systems from quantum attacks. Post-quantum cryptography has tremendous potential in various domains and must be researched and explored further to be utilized successfully. Advancements in Quantum Blockchain With Real-Time Applications considers various concepts of computing such as quantum computing, post-quantum cryptography, quantum attack-resistant blockchain, quantum blockchains, and multidisciplinary applications and real-world use cases. The book also discusses solutions to various real-world problems within the industry. Covering key topics such as cybersecurity, data management, and smart society, this reference work is ideal for computer scientists, industry professionals, academicians, practitioners, scholars, researchers, instructors, and students.

The amalgamation of post-quantum cryptography in cyber-physical systems makes the computing system secure and also generates opportunities in areas like smart contracts, quantum blockchain, and smart security solutions. Sooner or later, all computing and security systems are going to adopt quantum-proof cryptography to safeguard these systems from quantum attacks. Post-quantum cryptography has tremendous potential in various domains and must be researched and explored further to be utilized successfully. Advancements in Quantum Blockchain With Real-Time Applications considers various concepts of computing such as quantum computing, post-quantum cryptography, quantum attack-resistant blockchain, quantum blockchains, and multidisciplinary applications and real-world use cases. The book also discusses solutions to various real-world problems within the industry. Covering key topics such as cybersecurity, data management, and smart society, this reference work is ideal for computer scientists, industry professionals, academicians, practitioners, scholars, researchers, instructors, and students.

This book is about to develop a delivery system because A very large community of the world is suffering from dental diseases but due to lack of awareness very few take it seriously and seek treatments. It has been proved that dental disease is very much related directly indirectly to the life threatening diseases like heart diseases, arthritis, etc. The obvious disadvantage of systemic therapy have evoked an interest in the development of localized drug delivery systems that can provide an effective concentration of antibiotic at the periodontal site for the duration of the treatment with minimal side effects. In the formulation of delivery systems the properties like biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioadhesivity of the polymer and broad spectrum antimicrobial activity of the antibiotics against dental bacteria should be considered. Many types of the delivery system are available like microspheres, nanoparticle, gel, film, fiber and others. All having characteristic benefit and drawbacks. Although the attention towards treating bacterial infections has yielded many successful delivery devices, concerted efforts in developing ideal periodontal delivery systems are still needed.

An alarming shortage of conventional fuels such as petrol & diesel, their increasing demand and adverse effect on environment has led to the exploitation of renewable energy. By now significant role of bio-gas technology on the energy front is well established. Considerable research and dissemination efforts in the field of bio-gas technology have been undertaken all over the world in general and India in particular. The book aims at exploring the production of bio-gas from stable waste (horse dung); scrubbing of biogas and scope of applications of bio-gas in welding and brazing for rural industries. A financial analysis of the proposed pilots scale bio-gas plant from stable waste was also done.The proximate and ultimate analysis of stable waste was done. The production of bio-gas from stable waste was carried out in different type of digesters like batch digester, fixed dome and floating dome digester and associated problems were detected .

Steganography is the art of secret communication between two parties that not only conceals the contents of a message, but also its existence. Steganography has advantages over cryptography since message can be communicated to the desired recipient without raising any suspicion. Steganalysis attempts to detect the existence of embedded data in a steganographically altered cover file. This book describes three JPEG steganography algorithms and one steganalysis algorithm. The steganography algorithms are primarily based on restoring the statistics of a JPEG image after embedding data in them which results in low detection rate as compared to other existing algorithms. The steganalysis algorithm uses second order statistical features along with machine learning to train and predict if an image contains embedded message. Steganography can be used in many applications. In commercial sector, data hiding techniques can be used to enforce copyright on a digital medium. The access control information can be embedded inside the digital medium which can eventually be verified by the media player before playing the file.

Gravity pervades the whole universe; hence buoyancy drives fluids everywhere including those in the atmospheres and interiors of planets and stars. Prime examples of such flows are mantle convection, atmospheric flows, solar convection, dynamo process, heat exchangers, airships and hot air balloons. In this book we present fundamentals and applications of thermal convection and stratified flows.Buoyancy brings in extremely rich phenomena including waves and instabilities, patterns, chaos, and turbulence. In this book we present these topics in a systematic manner. First we present a unified treatment of linear theory that yields waves and thermal instability for stably and unstably-stratified flows respectively. We extend this analysis to include rotation and magnetic field. We also describe nonlinear saturation and pattern formation in Rayleigh-Benard convection.The second half of the book is dedicated to buoyancy-driven turbulence, both in stably-stratified flow and in thermal convection. We describe the spectral theory including energy flux and show that the thermally-driven turbulence is similar to hydrodynamic turbulence. We also describe large-scale quantities like Reynolds and Nusselt numbers, flow anisotropy, and the dynamics of flow structures, namely flow reversals. Thus, this book presents all the major aspects of the buoyancy-driven flows in a coherent manner that would appeal to advanced graduate students and researchers.

A pressure vessel can be defined as any container of fluid with a pressure differential between the outside and the inside of the container. Their presence is inevitable in various types of power plants, chemical and process plants. Pressure vessels often have a combination of high pressures together with high temperature operating conditions, and in some cases flammable fluids or highly radioactive materials. Because of such hazards, it is imperative that the design should ensure the states of no-leakage or leak-before-catastrophic break. In addition, these vessels have to be designed carefully to cope with the operating temperature and pressure. This book presents recent advances in the design and usage of pressure vessels and piping components.