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Early French Feminisms, 1830-1940 is a source book of personal and
political writings by Flora Tristan, Pauline Roland, Jeanne Deroin,
Helene Brion and Madeleine Pelletier, five key individuals in the
development of women's rights in France. Though their writings and
political activity ranged over more than a century, these women
were linked by their commitment to feminism and to socialism and
can be considered as seminal figures in French political thought.
Their journals, letters and diaries have not been available in
print or in English translation and the same is true of many of
their published works. As well as extensive extracts from the
original source material, Early French Feminisms, 1830-1940
contains biographical and contextual historical material which sets
the writers in their period and links them to contemporary feminist
and socialist debates. Tristan, Deroin, Roland, Pelletier and Brion
were active in the growth of trade union organization,
Saint-Simonian utopian socialism, the birth of the parliamentary
Socialist Parties, pacifism during the First World War and the
neo-Malthusian or birth control movement. Ranging across personal
and public genres of writings, the texts reproduced for this
volume, placed in historical context, demonstrate the difficulty
which these largely self-educated women faced in entering the
public sphere and the political persecution which they faced
courageously. Early French Feminisms, 1830-1940 clarifies an
important chapter in feminist and socialist militancy which will be
of interest to students and scholars of women's studies and modern
French history.
Letters have long been an outlet for political expression, whether
they articulate the personal politics of the daily routine or the
political views of individuals who witness or participate in
dramatic events. In addition, letters can be unusually revealing
records of the relations between men and women. Though letters have
frequently been studied as a privileged space for literary, social,
and cultural expression, the three-dimensional relationship of
politics, gender, and letters has not been the focus of an entire
volume. The nineteen essays in this collection examine how the
gendered nature of political literacy is revealed over a 250-year
period through letter writing, whether the writer is famous or
unknown, the wife of a prominent politician or activist, a
political prisoner or political militant. Ranging wide in terms of
subject matter and geography, the contributors examine
correspondence that ponders familial concerns, as well as letters
providing political commentary on the effects of war or revolution
on everyday life. Among the impressive group of international
scholars are Jim Allen, Clare Brant, Edith Gelles, Jane Rendall,
and SiAcn Reynolds.
Letters have long been an outlet for political expression, whether
they articulate the personal politics of the daily routine or the
political views of individuals who witness or participate in
dramatic events. In addition, letters can be unusually revealing
records of the relations between men and women. Though letters have
frequently been studied as a privileged space for literary, social,
and cultural expression, the three-dimensional relationship of
politics, gender, and letters has not been the focus of an entire
volume. The nineteen essays in this collection examine how the
gendered nature of political literacy is revealed over a 250-year
period through letter writing, whether the writer is famous or
unknown, the wife of a prominent politician or activist, a
political prisoner or political militant. Ranging wide in terms of
subject matter and geography, the contributors examine
correspondence that ponders familial concerns, as well as letters
providing political commentary on the effects of war or revolution
on everyday life. Among the impressive group of international
scholars are Jim Allen, Clare Brant, Edith Gelles, Jane Rendall,
and SiAcn Reynolds.
This study seeks to explore the myriad forms of representation of
the French public as a whole, and of specific socio-cultural groups
in French society, by means of collectively-shared myths and
metaphors. The book also examines visual, linguistic and textual
media, and political participation and practice. It considers
diametrical questions of belonging or marginality, social struggle
or social cohesion, and explores how the various forms of identity
are created and maintained. The approach is multidisciplinary,
using recent research in various disciplines from contributors in
France and the UK. The book aims to provide a coherent and
multi-faceted study of socio-cultural identity and citizenship in
France.
Flora Tristan was a most remarkable woman. Born at the begining of
the 19th century, her short life was packed with adventure and
achievement. An illegitimate child, she had a disastrous marriage
to a husband who tried to kill her. In vain pursuit of her rightful
inheritance, she sailed unchaperoned across the perilous Atlantic
to Peru. Returning to France, she became a socialist, and feminist,
and commited herself to a life of political radicalism. She
recognized that until the economic conditions of the poor were
alleviated there was little prospect of female emancipation. Her
strategy was to establish a union of workers throughout France to
press for socialist measures. However, linking the feminist cause
to socialism proved to be fraught with difficulty. Flora Tristan
found that working class organizations were indifferent, and even
hostile, to the idea of female equality. In short, Flora Tristan
exemplifies in her life and work, both the history of feminism, in
its phases of optimism, realism and dissillusion, and the tensions
between feminism and socialism.
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