Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is a transformative and powerful approach to language education and has had a significant impact on educational pedagogy in recent years. Despite burgeoning literature on the efficacy and implementation of CLIL, there remains a gap between CLIL and English Language Teaching (ELT). Many practitioners wonder how they can ‘do CLIL’ if their main classes are focused on English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This volume addresses these concerns by examining the experiences of various CLIL practitioners in the EFL context of Japan. Chapters outline the CLIL methodology, the differences in ‘hard CLIL’ (subject led) and ‘soft CLIL’ (language-oriented) before focusing on the EFL interpretations of soft-CLIL. Although the distinction of hard CLIL and soft CLIL has been mentioned in several publications, this is the first book-length exploration of this issue, featuring chapters examining expectations, challenges, material support, implementation, and even motivation in CLIL classrooms. All of this culminates in a review of the potential and future of CLIL in EFL contexts, paving the way for more widespread and well informed implementation of CLIL all over the world.

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is a transformative and powerful approach to language education and has had a significant impact on educational pedagogy in recent years. Despite burgeoning literature on the efficacy and implementation of CLIL, there remains a gap between CLIL and English Language Teaching (ELT). Many practitioners wonder how they can 'do CLIL' if their main classes are focused on English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This volume addresses these concerns by examining the experiences of various CLIL practitioners in the EFL context of Japan. Chapters outline the CLIL methodology, the differences in 'hard CLIL' (subject led) and 'soft CLIL' (language-oriented) before focusing on the EFL interpretations of soft-CLIL. Although the distinction of hard CLIL and soft CLIL has been mentioned in several publications, this is the first book-length exploration of this issue, featuring chapters examining expectations, challenges, material support, implementation, and even motivation in CLIL classrooms. All of this culminates in a review of the potential and future of CLIL in EFL contexts, paving the way for more widespread and well informed implementation of CLIL all over the world.

This book aims to provide the latest research findings, innovative research results, methods and development techniques from both theoretical and practical perspectives related to P2P, Grid, Cloud and Internet computing as well as to reveal synergies among such large-scale computing paradigms. P2P, Grid, Cloud and Internet computing technologies have been very fast established as breakthrough paradigms for solving complex problems by enabling aggregation and sharing of an increasing variety of distributed computational resources at large scale. Grid Computing originated as a paradigm for high-performance computing, as an alternative to expensive supercomputers through different forms of large-scale distributed computing. P2P Computing emerged as a new paradigm after client-server and web-based computing and has shown useful to the development of social networking, B2B (Business to Business), B2C (Business to Consumer), B2G (Business to Government), B2E (Business to Employee), and so on. Cloud Computing has been defined as a "computing paradigm where the boundaries of computing are determined by economic rationale rather than technical limits". Cloud computing has fast become the computing paradigm with applicability and adoption in all application domains and providing utility computing at large scale. Finally, Internet Computing is the basis of any large-scale distributed computing paradigms; it has very fast developed into a vast area of flourishing field with enormous impact on today's information societies serving thus as a universal platform comprising a large variety of computing forms such as Grid, P2P, Cloud and Mobile computing.

This book presents scientific interactions between the three interwoven and challenging areas of research and development of future ICT-enabled applications: software, complex systems and intelligent systems. Software intensive systems heavily interact with other systems, sensors, actuators, and devices, as well as other software systems and users. More and more domains involve software intensive systems, e.g. automotive, telecommunication systems, embedded systems in general, industrial automation systems and business applications. Moreover, web services offer a new platform for enabling software intensive systems. Complex systems research focuses on understanding overall systems rather than their components. Such systems are characterized by the changing environments in which they act, and they evolve and adapt through internal and external dynamic interactions. The development of intelligent systems and agents features the use of ontologies, and their logical foundations provide a fruitful impulse for both software intensive systems and complex systems. Research in the field of intelligent systems, robotics, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and cognitive sciences is a vital factor in the future development and innovation of software intensive and complex systems.

This book presents original contributions to the theories and practices of emerging Internet, data, and Web technologies and their applicability in businesses, engineering, and academia. Internet has become the most proliferative platform for emerging large-scale computing paradigms. Among these, data and Web technologies are two most prominent paradigms, in a variety of forms such as Data Centers, Cloud Computing, Mobile Cloud, Mobile Web Services, and so on. These technologies altogether create a digital ecosystem whose corner stone is the data cycle, from capturing to processing, analysis, and visualization. The investigation of various research and development issues in this digital ecosystem is boosted by the ever-increasing needs of real-life applications, which are based on storing and processing large amounts of data. As a key feature, it addresses advances in the life cycle exploitation of data generated from the digital ecosystem data technologies that create value for the knowledge and businesses toward a collective intelligence approach. Researchers, software developers, practitioners, and students interested in the field of data and Web technologies find this book useful and a reference for their activity.