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The Rationale for the Present Book Perhaps the most critical
problem facing present-day particle physicistsis to delineate the
relationship between classical and quantum systems. This
relationship has many facets. Particle-waveduality is one. The
concept of the point particle is another. And theconcept of
particle mass is yet another. The electron, as the lightest of the
charged particles, represents a fundamental "ground state,"and many
of the essential problems in the murky area between the
domainsofclassical and quantum physics can be brought into focus by
studyingjust this one particle. Thus the present book is centered
on questions that arise in connection with the electron, and in
particular with its mass, which has remained an unsolved, and
indeed almost unexplored, mystery. Each student ofphysics, beginner
and professional alike, has to fashion for himselfa way of thinking
about the electron. If, after reading this book, the reader views
this topic somewhat differently than before, the efforts of the
author will have been amply rewarded. When physicists were
confronted with the properties of the electron, they made a
conceptualleap into the unknown: they concluded that the electron
does not obey classical laws with respect to mechanics (as
connected to the spin of the electron), and also with respect to
electrodynamics (as connected to the magnetic moment of the
electron).
This book is centered on a surprising Tevatron and LHC experimental
result, the accurate equality of gauge boson and top quark energy
Ew + Ez = Et. The ramifications of this unanticipated result extend
down to the lower energies, and lead to two new elementary particle
paradigms. The first is the use of energies E rather than masses m
for analysing particle excitation patterns, where E =mc2. The
second is the recognition that ground-state particle energies are
generated in the form of quantized energy packets that are produced
in ' -boost' energy excitations, where -1 ~137 is the fine
structure constant. Repeated -boosts form a 'reservoir' of energy
packets, which merge and reproduce the quantized energies of the
various particle and quark ground-state configurations. An
-generated energy excitation path extends upward from the electron
to the top quark t. The steps in this path, which contain two
-boosts, combine coherently to give the energy equation Eelectron x
18/ 2 = Et, which is accurate to 0.3%. A branching energy path
reproduces the energy of the bottom quark b to 0.1%.Particle
energies and lifetimes are conjugate quantities, and the -quantized
particle energies are reflected in -quantized particle mean
lifetimes, as revealed by lifetime plots on a logarithmic -spaced
grid. The accurate factor-of-137 spacings between the classical
electron radius, Compton radius, and Bohr orbit radius suggest
introducing both a radial and a mass dependence into , which leads
to an equation for the transformation of Coulomb energy into
electron non-electromagnetic mass. The electron spin and magnetic
moment are reproduced by a Compton-sized relativistically spinning
sphere (RSS). The anomalous electron magnetic moment is also
accounted for by the RSS, in response to Richard Feynman's 1961
Challenge to provide such an explanation. The mathematics used here
is straightforward, and the calculations are guided by fits to the
elementary particle RPP energy and lifetime data bases, which are
provided here in Appendices A and B.
This book offers a new look at the electron. It was the first
elementary particle discovered, is probably one of the simplest,
and yet is possibly one of the most misunderstood. The author
presents here a straightforward classical model that accurately
reproduces the main spectroscopic features of the electron, and
also its principal quantum aspects. The key to this model is the
relativistically spinning sphere, RSS, which has been clamoring for
recognition for decades. Although its electrical charge is
point-like, the electron itself is Compton-sized, and is composed
mainly of non-electromagnetic "mechanical" matter. The bridge
between the electron and the other elementary particles is provided
by the fine structure constant alpha 1/137, as manifested in the
factor-of-137 spacings between the classical electron radius,
electron Compton radius, and Bohr orbit radius. An expanded form of
the constant alpha leads to equations that define the
transformation of electromagnetic energy into electron mass/energy,
and, via the electron doorway, to the formation of higher-mass
lepton and hadron ground states. An alpha-quantized mass-generation
grid extends accurately from the electron all the way to the top
quark t, and leads to a corresponding alpha-quantized particle
lifetime grid. The mathematics used in these studies is standard,
and the calculations are guided by fits to the experimental
elementary particle data. This book is written for all scientists
who are interested in recent developments in fundamental particle
physics.
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