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Depletion of fossil fuels and petroleum products due to population
explosion has created a tremendous demand for renewable energy
sources. Non-conventional loads such as electric vehicles and smart
residential systems are increasing daily, creating additional load
to conventional utility grids. The extra energy demand is filled
mainly by energy generated from renewable energy sources such as
solar, wind and geothermal energy sources. This has meant that load
distribution and power flow management have emerged as the most
significant challenges for electrical engineers. Therefore,
advanced power management systems must be designed to operate the
present distribution system smoothly. The fourth industrial
revolution has broken down the walls between the physical, digital
and biological worlds. Advancements in artificial intelligence, big
data, machine learning, the Internet of Things (IoT), genetic
engineering, and quantum computing have made the interface between
machines and users very easy. The fourth industrial revolution has
brought a drastic revolution for users, from controlling battery
charging to planning a suitable control technique for fabricated
electrical equipment. Smooth load sharing between grid and
renewable energy sources, power management as per the availability
of generating sources, and circumventing the sag and swell of
utility grids to operate equipment smoothly is facilitated by
advanced artificial intelligent techniques. The progressive machine
learning approach enables the smooth operation of machines.
Overall, the fourth industrial revolution has brought enormous
advantages to help electrical users. The work presented in this
book deals with the advanced design methods adopted by electrical
researchers to facilitate smooth utilization of the fourth
industrial revolution. The content of the book includes but is not
limited to the following research areas: * Topological improvement
of electrical equipment to facilitate smooth user interfaces. *
Improvement of techniques to tackle advanced power system problems
such as sag, swell, reactive power imbalance and power flow
management. * Advanced practices to facilitate smooth electric
vehicle charging systems. * Grid to smart residence (G2S) and smart
residence to grid (S2G) operation of the utility grid. * Stability
analysis of the utility grid amid non-conventional loading. *
Artificial intelligence, big data and machine learning applications
to power system problems. * Intelligent controllers for an advanced
residential system. * Intelligent storage systems for residential
buildings.
This book looks at the modern electrical energy meter reading. It
investigates the application for power line carrier as the
communication medium between the meters and the power system.
Electric meters are the building blocks of the future smart network
applications. Moreover, it illustrates the use of meters as a means
for load control which is a necessary aspect for modern Demand Side
management. The proposed concepts have been experimentally verified
over a sample low voltage distribution network.
Eighteen urogenic isolates have been isolated from patients with
UTI. Complete biochemical identification were carried out for all
isolates. Isolates were also identified serologically for their
antigenic formula of O and K antigens. Five isolates were with
antigenic formula of O78: K80, four isolates with O114: K90, two of
the isolates were of O142: K86, two isolates with O164: K untypable
and one was with O157 also untypable K antigen. Testing virulence
was carried by exploring nine virulent genes (traT, fyuA, ompT,
pil, Sfa/foc and cnf1 ibeA, hly and pap) and study their cytotoxic
effect on Vero cells. Lysis, enlargement with deteritis formation,
loss of cell membrane and nuclear membrane of Vero cells were
recorded as cytotoxic effect. Six groups of different prepared
vaccines were applied verses control group for potency testing and
injected interaperitoneal to tested mice. Histopathological picture
of some organs (kidneys and spleen) of died mice were examined.
Hematological examination for Leukocytes was also carried out.
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