Surfaces and interfaces play an increasingly important role in today's solid state devices. In this book the reader is introduced, in a didactic manner, to the essential theoretical aspects of the atomic and electronic structure of surfaces and interfaces. The book does not pretend to give a complete overview of contemporary problems and methods. Instead, the authors strive to provide simple but qualitatively useful arguments that apply to a wide variety of cases. The emphasis of the book is on semiconductor surfaces and interfaces but it also includes a thorough treatment of transition metals, a general discussion of phonon dispersion curves, and examples of large computational calculations. The exercises accompanying every chapter will be of great benefit to the student.

This volume treats new materials (nanotubes and quantum dots) and new techniques (synchrotron radiation scattering and cavity confined scattering). In the past five years, Raman and Brillouin scattering have taken a place among the most important research and characterization methods for carbon nanotubes. Among the novel techniques discussed in this volume are those employing synchrotron radiation as a light source.

Excellent bridge between general solid-state physics textbook and research articles packed with providing detailed explanations of the electronic, vibrational, transport, and optical properties of semiconductors

"The most striking feature of the book is its modern outlook ... provides a wonderful foundation. The most wonderful feature is its efficient style of exposition ... an excellent book." Physics Today

"Presents the theoretical derivations carefully and in detail and gives thorough discussions of the experimental results it presents. This makes it an excellent textbook both for learners and for more experienced researchers wishing to check facts. I have enjoyed reading it and strongly recommend it as a text for anyone working with semiconductors I know of no better text I am sure most semiconductor physicists will find this book useful and I recommend it to them." Contemporary Physics

Offers much new material: an extensive appendix about the important and by now well-established, deep center known as the DX center, additional problems and the solutions to over fifty of the problems at the end of the various chapters."

Internet of Things (IoT) has become a valuable tool for connection and information exchange between devices. This book provides a brief introduction to this new field, focuses on wearable medical devices, and covers the basic concepts by providing the reader with enough information to solve various practical problems. This book provides the latest applications, experiments, fundamentals concepts, and cutting-edge topics for the ehealth and wearable devices field. The book also offers topics related to Security in IoT and Wearable Devices, Wearable Devices and Internet of Medical Devices (IoMT), IoT for Medical Applications, and Tools and study cases. The book brings new and valuable information to PhD researchers, students, professors, and professionals working in IoT and related fields.

This book comprises select peer-reviewed proceedings of the international conference on Research in Intelligent and Computing in Engineering (RICE 2020) held at Thu Dau Mot University, Vietnam. The volume primarily focuses on latest research and advances in various computing models such as centralized, distributed, cluster, grid, and cloud computing. Practical examples and real-life applications of wireless sensor networks, mobile ad hoc networks, and internet of things, data mining and machine learning are also covered in the book. The contents aim to enable researchers and professionals to tackle the rapidly growing needs of network applications and the various complexities associated with them.

This book discusses reliability applications for power systems, renewable energy and smart grids and highlights trends in reliable communication, fault-tolerant systems, VLSI system design and embedded systems. Further, it includes chapters on software reliability and other computer engineering and software management-related disciplines, and also examines areas such as big data analytics and ubiquitous computing. Outlining novel, innovative concepts in applied areas of reliability in electrical, electronics and computer engineering disciplines, it is a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners of reliability theory in circuit-based engineering domains.

Excellent bridge between general solid-state physics textbook and research articles packed with providing detailed explanations of the electronic, vibrational, transport, and optical properties of semiconductors "The most striking feature of the book is its modern outlook ... provides a wonderful foundation. The most wonderful feature is its efficient style of exposition ... an excellent book." Physics Today "Presents the theoretical derivations carefully and in detail and gives thorough discussions of the experimental results it presents. This makes it an excellent textbook both for learners and for more experienced researchers wishing to check facts. I have enjoyed reading it and strongly recommend it as a text for anyone working with semiconductors ... I know of no better text ... I am sure most semiconductor physicists will find this book useful and I recommend it to them." Contemporary Physics Offers much new material: an extensive appendix about the important and by now well-established, deep center known as the DX center, additional problems and the solutions to over fifty of the problems at the end of the various chapters.

This is the seventh volume of a well-established series in which expert practitioners discuss topical aspects of light scattering in solids. Emphasis is placed on electronic excitations between crystal-field split levels of transition-metal and rare-earth ions in crystals, among them high-Tc superconductors and magnetic excitations that appear in superlattices containing magnetic metals. The contents of this volume again demonstrates the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy for the investigation and characterization of this class of materials. It will be useful to advanced students and to all researchers who apply Raman spectroscopy in their work.

This is the sixth volume of a well-established and popular series in which expert practitioners discuss topical aspects of light scattering in solids. This volume discusses recent results of Raman spectroscopy of high Tc superconductors, organic polymers, rare earth compounds, semimagnetic superconductors, and silver halides, as well as developments in the rapidly growing field of time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. Emphasis is placed on obtaining information about elementary excitations, the basic properties of materials, and the use of Raman spectroscopy as an analytical tool. This volume may be regarded as an encyclopedia of condensed matter physics from the viewpoint of the Raman spectroscopist. It will be useful to advanced students and to all researchers who apply Raman spectroscopy in their work.

This book is the fifth in a series devoted to the theory and practice of inelastic light scattering (Raman and Brillouin) as applied to amorphous and crystalline solids. This volume is concerned with the investigation by these techniques of artificial periodic structures prepared by such gas-phase deposition techniques as Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The phenomena treated involve phonons, magnons, plasmons, and other electronic excitations. The book supplies theoretical background, information on modern experimental techniques such as multichannel detectors, and a number of experimental results.

The Fourth Latin-American Symposium on Surface Physics (SLAFS 4) was held from July 14 to 18, 1986, at the Unversidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela, as part of a program of the Centro Latinoamericano de Fisica (CLAF) aimed at improving the scientific relations and coop- eration among Latin-American researchers in the field of surface physics. This symposium, which brought together about 60 scientists, included 12 invited talks given by internationally recognized experts covering a wide range of surface physics topics and showing the most recent develop- ments of the theory and spectroscopies involved. This proceedings volume contains the text of the 12 invited lectures plus a selection of the Latin- American contributed papers. The topics covered during the conference were: thin films, chemisorption theory, and surface spectroscopies such as high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), inverse pho- toemission, Auger deexcitation, SEXAFS, LEED, Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and deuteron solid state FT-nuclear magnetic resonance spec- troscopy. There were also some contributions related to the application of surface analysis to the chemical and semiconductor industries. In addi- tion to the talks there were two poster exhibitions, which showed mainly Latin-American contributions, making it possible to discuss extensively the work presented. Finally, we wish to acknowledge the assistance given by the local or- ganizing committee, especially the diligent cooperation of Luis Cortina, Ivan Escalona, Helena Isern, Miguel Martin, Claudio Mendoza and Ivar Pettersson in developing the symposium program.

This volume contains summaries of lectures and contributed papers delivered at an International Summer School on "Dynamical Phenomena at Surfaces, I nterfaces and Superl atti ces" hel d at the Ettore Maj orana Centre for Sci en- tific Culture, Erice (Sicily), Italy, July 1-13, 1984. The School was orga- ni zed under the auspi ces of the Surfaces and Interfaces Secti on of the Condensed Matter Division of the European Physical Society as the sixth course in the series on Materials Science and Technology. Approximately 60 parti c i pants from all regi ons of Europe, the Uni ted States, and further afield - Hong Kong, China, India - were able to take part in a program of 45 lectures and 11 contributed talks, which covered most of the solid-state aspects of the subject. In recent years, there has been an explosion of interest in the proper- ties of carefully prepared surfaces, interfaces, and multilayer thin films. This advance in research has received its impetus from the technological re- levance of surfaces and interfacial phenomena associated with heterogeneous catalysis, corrosion, and, particularly, new developments in microelectronics. One of the most important developments to emerge over the past decade has been our ability to prepare ultra-thin structures at the submicron level, i. e. , to engineer low-dimensional solids at the atomic-scale level.

In this book "surface science" is understood in a broad sense, taken to include two-dimensional structures such as thin films and superlattices. Thecontributions reflect current research activities in surface and thin-film science in Latin-America, presenting a clear picture of the research centers, equipment and expertise available in the region in this rapidly developing field of physics. The topics treated cover the whole spectrum of the subject, with the latest theoretical results beingreported alongside details of industrial applications such as materials characterization and photovoltaic cells. Surface scientists, engineers and research admistrators will find this volume of interest.

This book was begun after three of the present authors gave a series of in vited talks on the subject of the structure and properties of carbon filaments. This was at a conference on the subject of optical obscuration, for which submicrometer diameter filaments with high length-to-diameter ratios have potential applications. The audience response to these talks illustrated the need of just one scientific community for a broader knowledge of the struc ture and properties of these interesting materials. Following the conference it was decided to expand the material presented in the conference proceedings. The aim was to include in a single volume a description of the physical properties of carbon fibers and filaments. The research papers on this topic are spread widely in the literature and are found in a broad assortment of physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering and polymer science journals and conference proceedings (some of which are obscure). Accordingly, our goal was to produce a book on the subject which would enable students and other researchers working in the field to gain an overview of the subject up to about 1987."

Surfaces and interfaces play an increasingly important role in today's solid state devices. In this book the reader is introduced, in a didactic manner, to the essential theoretical aspects of the atomic and electronic structure of surfaces and interfaces. The book does not pretend to give a complete overview of contemporary problems and methods. Instead, the authors strive to provide simple but qualitatively useful arguments that apply to a wide variety of cases. The emphasis of the book is on semiconductor surfaces and interfaces but it also includes a thorough treatment of transition metals, a general discussion of phonon dispersion curves, and examples of large computational calculations. The exercises accompanying every chapter will be of great benefit to the student.

This volume treats new materials (nanotubes and quantum dots) and new techniques (synchrotron radiation scattering and cavity confined scattering). In the past five years, Raman and Brillouin scattering have taken a place among the most important research and characterization methods for carbon nanotubes. Among the novel techniques discussed in this volume are those employing synchrotron radiation as a light source.

This book addresses cutting-edge topics in robotics and related technologies for rehabilitation, covering basic concepts and providing the reader with the information they need to solve various practical problems. Intended as a reference guide to the application of robotics in rehabilitation, it covers e.g. musculoskeletal modelling, gait analysis, biomechanics, robotics modelling and simulation, sensors, wearable devices, and the Internet of Medical Things.