The development of catalysts is the most sophisticated art in chemical sciences. It can be read like a story book when the critical scientific contents are presented in a chronological manner with short and simple sentences. This book will meets these criteria. To address the sustainability issues of existing chemical manufacturing processes or producing new chemicals, researchers are developing alternate catalysts to eliminate toxic chemicals use and by-products formation. Sustainable Catalytic Processes presents critical discussions of the progress of such catalytic development. This book of contemporary research results in sustainable catalysis area will benefit scientists in both industries and academia, and students to learn recent catalysts/process development.

"Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications" covers the fundamental principles involved in the preparation and characterization of supercritical fluids (SCFs) used in the energy production and other environmental applications. Energy production from diversified resources including renewable materials using clean processes can be accomplished using technologies like SCFs. This book is focused on critical issues scientists and engineers face in applying SCFs to energy production and environmental protection, the innovative solutions they have found, and the challenges they need to overcome. The book also covers the basics of sub- and supercritical fluids, like the thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations.

A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. At this state the compound demonstrates unique properties, which can be "fine-tuned," making them suitable as organic solvents in a range of industrial and laboratory processes.

This volume enables readers to select the most appropriate medium for a specific situation. It helps instructors prepare course material for graduate and postgraduate courses in the area of chemistry, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering. And it helps professional engineers learn supercritical fluid-based technologies and use them in solving the increasingly challenging environmental issues.
Relates theory, chemical characteristics, and properties of the particular supercritical fluid to its various applicationsCovers the fundamentals of supercritical fluids, like thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculationsIncludes the most recent applications of supercritical fluids, includingenergy generation, materials synthesis, and environmental protection"

Skyrocketing energy costs have spurred renewed interest in coal gasification. Currently available information on this subject needs to be updated, however, and focused on specific coals and end products. For example, carbon capture and sequestration, previously given little attention, now has a prominent role in coal conversion processes. This book approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, with topics chosen to aid the process engineer who is interested in a complete, coal-to-products system. It provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes. The first topic describes the nature and availability of coal. Next, the fundamentals of gasification are described, followed by a description of gasification technologies and gas cleaning processes. The conversion of syngas to electricity, fuels and chemicals is then discussed. Finally, process economics are covered. Emphasis is given to the selection of gasification technology based on the type of coal fed to the gasifier and desired end product: E.g., lower temperature gasifiers produce substantial quantities of methane, which is undesirable in an ammonia synthesis feed. This book also reviews gasification kinetics which is informed by recent papers and process design studies by the US Department of Energy and other groups, and also largely ignored by other gasification books. * Approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, providing a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes * Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes * Emphasizes the importance of the coal types fed to the gasifier and desired end products * Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books

Understanding and utilizing the interactions between environment and nanoscale materials is a new way to resolve the increasingly challenging environmental issues we are facing and will continue to face. Environanotechnology is the nanoscale technology developed for monitoring the quality of the environment, treating water and wastewater, as well as controlling air pollutants. Therefore, the applications of nanotechnology in environmental engineering have been of great interest to many fields and consequently a fair amount of research on the use of nanoscale materials for dealing with environmental issues has been conducted.

The aim of this book is to report on the results recently achieved in different countries. It provides useful technological information for environmental scientists and will assist them in creating cost-effective nanotechnologies to solve critical environmental problems, including those associated with energy production.
-Presents research results from a number of countries with various nanotechnologies in multidisciplinary environmental engineering fields
-Gives a solid introductionto the basic theories needed for understanding how environanotechnologiescan bedeveloped cost-effectively, and when they should be applied in a responsible manner
-Includes worked examples that put environmental problems incontext to show the actual connections between nanotechnology and environmental engineering"