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The rise of authoritarian, nationalist forms of populism and the
implications for rural actors and settings is one of the most
crucial foci for critical agrarian studies today, with many
consequences for political action. Authoritarian Populism and the
Rural World reflects on the rural origins and consequences of the
emergence of authoritarian and populist leaders across the world,
as well as on the rise of multi-class mobilisation and resistance,
alongside wider counter-movements and alternative practices, which
together confront authoritarianism and nationalist populism. The
book includes 20 chapters written by contributors to the
Emancipatory Rural Politics Initiative (ERPI), a global network of
academics and activists committed to both reflective analysis and
political engagement. Debates about ‘populism’,
‘nationalism’, ‘authoritarianism’ and more have exploded
recently, but relatively little of this has focused on the rural
dimensions. Yet, wherever one looks, the rural aspects are key –
not just in electoral calculus, but in understanding underlying
drivers of authoritarianism and populism, and potential
counter-movements to these. Whether because of land grabs,
voracious extractivism, infrastructural neglect or lack of
services, rural peoples’ disillusionment with the status quo has
had deeply troubling consequences and occasionally hopeful ones, as
the chapters in this book show. The chapters in this book were
originally published in The Journal of Peasant Studies.
The rise of authoritarian, nationalist forms of populism and the
implications for rural actors and settings is one of the most
crucial foci for critical agrarian studies today, with many
consequences for political action. Authoritarian Populism and the
Rural World reflects on the rural origins and consequences of the
emergence of authoritarian and populist leaders across the world,
as well as on the rise of multi-class mobilisation and resistance,
alongside wider counter-movements and alternative practices, which
together confront authoritarianism and nationalist populism. The
book includes 20 chapters written by contributors to the
Emancipatory Rural Politics Initiative (ERPI), a global network of
academics and activists committed to both reflective analysis and
political engagement. Debates about 'populism', 'nationalism',
'authoritarianism' and more have exploded recently, but relatively
little of this has focused on the rural dimensions. Yet, wherever
one looks, the rural aspects are key - not just in electoral
calculus, but in understanding underlying drivers of
authoritarianism and populism, and potential counter-movements to
these. Whether because of land grabs, voracious extractivism,
infrastructural neglect or lack of services, rural peoples'
disillusionment with the status quo has had deeply troubling
consequences and occasionally hopeful ones, as the chapters in this
book show. The chapters in this book were originally published in
The Journal of Peasant Studies.
When the 2007-2008 food and financial crises triggered a global
wave of land grabbing, scholars, activists and policy practitioners
assumed that this would be met with massive peasant resistance. As
empirical evidence accumulated, however, it became clear that
political reactions 'from below' to land grabbing were quite varied
and complex. Violent resistance, outright expulsions, everyday
'weapons of the weak' and demands for better terms of incorporation
into land deals were among the outcomes that emerged. Readers of
this collection will encounter a multinational group of scholars
who use the tools of social movements theory and critical agrarian
studies to examine cases from Argentina, Mexico, Guatemala,
Nicaragua, Colombia, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Uganda,
Mali, Ukraine, India, and Laos, as well as the Rio +20 Sustainable
Development Conference. Initiatives 'from below' in response to
land deals have involved local and transnational alliances and the
use of legal and extra-legal methods, and have brought victories
and defeats. This book was first published as a special issue of
The Journal of Peasant Studies.
Since the 2008 world food crisis a surge of land grabbing swept
Africa, Asia and Latin America and even some regions of Europe and
North America. Investors have uprooted rural communities for
massive agricultural, biofuels, mining, industrial and urbanisation
projects. 'Water grabbing' and 'green grabbing' have further
exacerbated social tensions. Early analyses of land grabbing
focused on foreign actors, the biofuels boom and Africa, and
pointed to catastrophic consequences for the rural poor.
Subsequently scholars carried out local case studies in diverse
world regions. The contributors to this volume advance the
discussion to a new stage, critically scrutinizing alarmist claims
of the first wave of research, probing the historical antecedents
of today's land grabbing, examining large-scale land acquisitions
in light of international human rights and investment law, and
considering anew longstanding questions in agrarian political
economy about forms of dispossession and accumulation and
grassroots resistance. Readers of this collection will learn about
the impacts of land and water grabbing; the relevance of key
theorists, including Marx, Polanyi and Harvey; the realities of
China's involvement in Africa; how contemporary land grabbing
differs from earlier plantation agriculture; and how social
movements-and rural people in general-are responding to this new
threat. This book was published as a special issue of Third World
Quarterly.
This volume is a pioneering contribution to the study of food
politics and critical agrarian studies, where food sovereignty has
emerged as a pivotal concept over the past few decades, with a wide
variety of social movements, on-the-ground experiments, and policy
innovations flying under its broad banner. Despite its large and
growing popularity, the history, theoretical foundations, and
political program of food sovereignty have only occasionally
received in-depth analysis and critical scrutiny. This collection
brings together both longstanding scholars in critical agrarian
studies, such as Philip McMichael, Bina Agarwal, Henry Bernstein,
Jan Douwe van der Ploeg, and Marc Edelman, as well as a dynamic
roster of early- and mid-career researchers. The ultimate aim is to
advance this important frontier of research and organizing, and put
food sovereignty on stronger footing as a mobilizing frame, a
policy objective, and a plan of action for the human future. This
volume was published as part one of the special double issue
celebrating the 40th anniversary of the Journal of Peasant Studies.
Since the 2008 world food crisis a surge of land grabbing swept
Africa, Asia and Latin America and even some regions of Europe and
North America. Investors have uprooted rural communities for
massive agricultural, biofuels, mining, industrial and urbanisation
projects. 'Water grabbing' and 'green grabbing' have further
exacerbated social tensions. Early analyses of land grabbing
focused on foreign actors, the biofuels boom and Africa, and
pointed to catastrophic consequences for the rural poor.
Subsequently scholars carried out local case studies in diverse
world regions. The contributors to this volume advance the
discussion to a new stage, critically scrutinizing alarmist claims
of the first wave of research, probing the historical antecedents
of today's land grabbing, examining large-scale land acquisitions
in light of international human rights and investment law, and
considering anew longstanding questions in agrarian political
economy about forms of dispossession and accumulation and
grassroots resistance. Readers of this collection will learn about
the impacts of land and water grabbing; the relevance of key
theorists, including Marx, Polanyi and Harvey; the realities of
China's involvement in Africa; how contemporary land grabbing
differs from earlier plantation agriculture; and how social
movements-and rural people in general-are responding to this new
threat. This book was published as a special issue of Third World
Quarterly.
This volume is a pioneering contribution to the study of food
politics and critical agrarian studies, where food sovereignty has
emerged as a pivotal concept over the past few decades, with a wide
variety of social movements, on-the-ground experiments, and policy
innovations flying under its broad banner. Despite its large and
growing popularity, the history, theoretical foundations, and
political program of food sovereignty have only occasionally
received in-depth analysis and critical scrutiny. This collection
brings together both longstanding scholars in critical agrarian
studies, such as Philip McMichael, Bina Agarwal, Henry Bernstein,
Jan Douwe van der Ploeg, and Marc Edelman, as well as a dynamic
roster of early- and mid-career researchers. The ultimate aim is to
advance this important frontier of research and organizing, and put
food sovereignty on stronger footing as a mobilizing frame, a
policy objective, and a plan of action for the human future. This
volume was published as part one of the special double issue
celebrating the 40th anniversary of the Journal of Peasant Studies.
When the 2007-2008 food and financial crises triggered a global
wave of land grabbing, scholars, activists and policy practitioners
assumed that this would be met with massive peasant resistance. As
empirical evidence accumulated, however, it became clear that
political reactions 'from below' to land grabbing were quite varied
and complex. Violent resistance, outright expulsions, everyday
'weapons of the weak' and demands for better terms of incorporation
into land deals were among the outcomes that emerged. Readers of
this collection will encounter a multinational group of scholars
who use the tools of social movements theory and critical agrarian
studies to examine cases from Argentina, Mexico, Guatemala,
Nicaragua, Colombia, Ethiopia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Uganda,
Mali, Ukraine, India, and Laos, as well as the Rio +20 Sustainable
Development Conference. Initiatives 'from below' in response to
land deals have involved local and transnational alliances and the
use of legal and extra-legal methods, and have brought victories
and defeats. This book was first published as a special issue of
The Journal of Peasant Studies.
This book tells the story of how small farmers responded to a
free-market onslaught that devastated one of the Western
Hemisphere's most advanced social-democratic welfare states. In the
early 1980s, the Latin American debt crisis struck Costa Rica,
leading to major cutbacks in the social programs that had permitted
the rural poor to attain an acceptable standard of living and a
modicum of dignity.
Peasants were in the forefront of movements against these cutbacks,
marching, blocking highways, and occupying government buildings. In
the struggle to preserve their livelihood, the rural poor also
formed alliances with wealthy farmers, negotiated with politicians,
and embraced and then repudiated charismatic outsiders who came to
live among them and to speak in their name. These rural activists
combined class-bound politics with concerns about threatened
peasant identities, practical analysis with sentimentality,
grassroots democracy with conspiratorial secrecy, and selfless
sacrifice with opportunism.
The small farmers portrayed in this book are worldly, outspoken,
exuberant, future-oriented, and fiercely proud. They could hardly
be less like the unsophisticated and stoic rustics so prominent in
the development literature or those contemporary peasants whose
imminent disappearance is endlessly predicted by both right- and
left-wing social scientists.
The author argues that the experience of rural activism in Costa
Rica in the 1980s and 1990s calls into question much current theory
about collective action, peasantries, development, and ethnographic
research. The book invites the reader to rethink debates about old
and new social movements and to grapple with the ethical and
methodological dilemmas of engaged ethnography.
Peasant Politics of the Twenty-First Century illuminates the
transnational agrarian movements that are remaking rural society
and the world's food and agriculture systems. Marc Edelman explains
how peasant movements are staking their claims from farmers' fields
to massive protests around the world, shaping heated debates over
peasants' rights and the very category of "peasant" within the
agrarian organizations and in the United Nations. Edelman
chronicles the rise of these movements, their objectives, and their
alliances with environmental, human rights, women's, and food
justice groups. The book scrutinizes high-profile activists and the
forgotten genealogies and policy implications of foundational
analytical frameworks like "moral economy," and concepts, such as
"food sovereignty" and "civil society."Â Peasant Politics of
the Twenty-First Century charts the struggle of agrarian movements
in the face of land grabbing, counter agrarian reform, and a
looming climate catastrophe, and celebrates engaged research from
Central America to the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva.
This book tells the story of how small farmers responded to a
free-market onslaught that devastated one of the Western
Hemisphere's most advanced social-democratic welfare states. In the
early 1980s, the Latin American debt crisis struck Costa Rica,
leading to major cutbacks in the social programs that had permitted
the rural poor to attain an acceptable standard of living and a
modicum of dignity.
Peasants were in the forefront of movements against these cutbacks,
marching, blocking highways, and occupying government buildings. In
the struggle to preserve their livelihood, the rural poor also
formed alliances with wealthy farmers, negotiated with politicians,
and embraced and then repudiated charismatic outsiders who came to
live among them and to speak in their name. These rural activists
combined class-bound politics with concerns about threatened
peasant identities, practical analysis with sentimentality,
grassroots democracy with conspiratorial secrecy, and selfless
sacrifice with opportunism.
The small farmers portrayed in this book are worldly, outspoken,
exuberant, future-oriented, and fiercely proud. They could hardly
be less like the unsophisticated and stoic rustics so prominent in
the development literature or those contemporary peasants whose
imminent disappearance is endlessly predicted by both right- and
left-wing social scientists.
The author argues that the experience of rural activism in Costa
Rica in the 1980s and 1990s calls into question much current theory
about collective action, peasantries, development, and ethnographic
research. The book invites the reader to rethink debates about old
and new social movements and to grapple with the ethical and
methodological dilemmas of engaged ethnography.
This book studies the changing social relations in a region of
Costa Rica that does not conform to the country's image as an
"agrarian democracy" and investigates why latifundios (large
unproductive or under-utilized estates) still dominate much of
Latin America.
Peasant Politics of the Twenty-First Century illuminates the
transnational agrarian movements that are remaking rural society
and the world's food and agriculture systems. Marc Edelman explains
how peasant movements are staking their claims from farmers' fields
to massive protests around the world, shaping heated debates over
peasants' rights and the very category of "peasant" within the
agrarian organizations and in the United Nations. Edelman
chronicles the rise of these movements, their objectives, and their
alliances with environmental, human rights, women's, and food
justice groups. The book scrutinizes high-profile activists and the
forgotten genealogies and policy implications of foundational
analytical frameworks like "moral economy," and concepts, such as
"food sovereignty" and "civil society."Â Peasant Politics of
the Twenty-First Century charts the struggle of agrarian movements
in the face of land grabbing, counter agrarian reform, and a
looming climate catastrophe, and celebrates engaged research from
Central America to the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva.
Social Democracy in the Global Periphery focuses on
social-democratic regimes in the developing world that have, to
varying degrees, reconciled the needs of achieving growth through
globalized markets with extensions of political, social and
economic rights. The authors show that opportunities exist to
achieve significant social progress, despite a global economic
order that favours core industrial countries. Their findings derive
from a comparative analysis of four exemplary cases: Kerala
(India), Costa Rica, Mauritius and Chile (since 1990). Though
unusual, the social and political conditions from which these
developing-world social democracies arose are not unique; indeed,
pragmatic and proactive social-democratic movements helped create
these favourable conditions. The four exemplars have preserved or
even improved their social achievements since neoliberalism emerged
hegemonic in the 1980s. This demonstrates that certain
social-democratic policies and practices - guided by a democratic
developmental state - can enhance a national economy's global
competitiveness.
Social Democracy in the Global Periphery focuses on
social-democratic regimes in the developing world that have, to
varying degrees, reconciled the needs of achieving growth through
globalized markets with extensions of political, social and
economic rights. The authors show that opportunities exist to
achieve significant social progress, despite a global economic
order that favours core industrial countries. Their findings derive
from a comparative analysis of four exemplary cases: Kerala
(India), Costa Rica, Mauritius and Chile (since 1990). Though
unusual, the social and political conditions from which these
developing-world social democracies arose are not unique; indeed,
pragmatic and proactive social-democratic movements helped create
these favourable conditions. The four exemplars have preserved or
even improved their social achievements since neoliberalism emerged
hegemonic in the 1980s. This demonstrates that certain
social-democratic policies and practices - guided by a democratic
developmental state - can enhance a national economy's global
competitiveness.
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