Acute diarrhea, although tends to be a self-limiting disease in otherwise healthy people, continues to cause millions of deaths every year, particularly in infants and the elderly. Therefore it represents a very frequent medical problem with a significant societal impact such as health-care utilization and lost working days by caregivers. Dehydration, the most frequent and severe complication occurs in the first 48 hours from the onset of the disease. For this reason, the WHO considers this time frame the more critical period where we should mostly act. Oral rehydration solution is the most important component of treatment to avoid dehydration, but despite its proven effectiveness it is still rarely used because of low compliance mainly due to the subjective perception of poor effectiveness, as it does not reduce stools frequency, nor loss of intestinal liquids, neither the length of diarrhea. Racecadotril represents, so far, the unique drug acting on one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms underlying acute diarrhea. In this book some experts discussed the main international diarrheal guidelines in children and adults even analyzing the health costs of the disease. Other authors have thoroughly addressed the etiopathological mechanisms underlying acute diarrhea and some others have fully analyzed the clinical studies on Racecadotril present in the literature both in children and adults. In addition, the world's leading experts on Racecadotril have thoroughly clarified the drug's pharmacological mechanisms and have wonderfully summarized its safety profile. Finally we analyzed the cost-effectiveness of the drug based on the studies published so far, which confirm that Racecadotril can be a cost-saving drug in treating acute diarrhea because it can facilitate the home-management of the disease. All things considered, we can say that Racecadotril is an effective and safe anti-diarrheal drug that can reduce the associated health care costs by increasing the likelihood of resolving the disease in outpatient setting.

Probiotics, a word of Greek origin composed of "pro" (promoting) and "biotic "(life), have been defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as "live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host". Over 500 different types of bacteria reside in the human digestive system. In recent years, the study of intestinal microbiota and therefore the use of probiotics have been extensively studied in promoting health, as well as in treating several diseases and not solely regarding the gastrointestinal system. This book summarises the more recent knowledge about intestinal microbiota, its pathological correlations and the use of probiotics in children for the maintenance, recovery, and strengthening of healthy strains at the expense of bad ones.

Paediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy has been greatly improving since its introduction and it is continuously evolving due to the tools' improvement and the specific training of the staff. Currently this technique can be performed in children of all age including preterm infants. This book illustrates the specific performance techniques of gastrointestinal endoscopy in pediatric age both with regard to diagnosis of gastrointestinal pathologies and their operative use in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. One of the most famous international paediatric endoscopists tells us the history of pediatric GI endoscopy, its achievements, and where it is going. Moreover in the first part of the book the preparatory stages to gastrointestinal endoscopy are widely discussed. Afterwards, specific chapters discuss the examination of the ileum with new instruments from single- and double-balloon enteroscopy, to wireless capsule endoscopy. Furthermore some authoritative authors illustrate the management of GI endoscopy in particular situations such as cystic fibrosis, gastrointestinal tumours, graft-versus host disease, and some others deal with the management of complications that can occur during endoscopic procedures. Finally a special focus is given on endoscopic ultrasound and the application of new optical techniques, fields continuously evolving both in technology tools and in diagnostic applications mainly in the paediatric age.

Infection by Helicobacter pylori has for many years been one of the medical conditions most studied not only in the gastroenterological context. This is because, in recent years, H. pylori has also been involved in a number of extra-intestinal diseases. In this book, we have tried to involve the biggest international experts on the subject. Some authors have tried to provide a complete view of the most common and widely used diagnostic methods, both invasive and non-invasive, also explaining the unusual techniques and the most innovative complementary methods not yet used in clinical practice. Other international experts have tried to describe the latest findings on pathogenesis and the various clinical manifestations of infection by H. pylori in the various systems. One chapter is reserved for H. pylori infection in childhood, an important period especially in transmission of the infection, explaining the various international guidelines for correct diagnosis and treatment. The authors have also provided the latest evidence regarding the various methods of eradication therapy, with a critical analysis of the reasons that compel some researchers to believe that eradication at all costs is not always correct and useful for humans. The book also deals with the current and latest knowledge regarding the progress and the difficulties in the development of a vaccine against H. pylori infection, the implementation of which could solve the problem of the difficulty in the eradication linked mainly to the onset of antibiotic-resistance.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Compendio Di Diritto Romano Comparato Al Diritto Civile Italiano Marco Manfredi