Male-dominated law and legal knowledge essentially characterized the whole of pre-modern history in that the patriarchy represented the axis of social relations in both the private and public spheres. Indeed, modern and even contemporary law still have embedded elements of patriarchal heritage, even in the secular modern legal systems of Western developed countries, either within the content of legislation or in terms of its implementation and interpretation. This is true to a greater or lesser extent across legal systems, although the secular modern legal systems of the Western developed countries have made great advances in terms of gender equality. The traditional understanding of law has always been self-evidently dominated by men, but modern law and its understanding have also been more or less "malestreamed." Therefore, it has become necessary to overcome the given "maskulinity" of legal thought. In contemporary legal and political orders, gender mainstreaming of law has been of the utmost importance for overcoming deeply and persistently embedded power relations and gender-based, unequal social relations. At the same time and equally importantly, the gender mainstreaming of legal education - to which this book aims to contribute - can help to gradually eliminate this male dominance and accompanying power relations from legal education and higher education as a whole. This open access textbook provides an overview of gender issues in all areas of law, including sociological, historical and methodological issues. Written for students and teachers around the globe, it is intended to provide both a general overview and in-depth knowledge in the individual areas of law. Relevant court decisions and case studies are supplied throughout the book.

Die Monographie beschaftigt sich mit dem Rechtsrahmen fur Wettbewerbsbeschrankungen auf internationalen Level. Hierzu werden zunachst die Moeglichkeiten der extraterritorialen Anwendung von nationalen Wettbewerbsgesetzen und deren Wirksamkeit analysiert. Aufgrund der mangelnden Effektivitat werden multilaterale Initiativen der WTO, OECD und UNCTAD berucksichtigt, die jedoch aufgrund der fehlenden Bindungswirkung als Loesung ausscheiden. Im Anschluss werden das europaische Wettbewerbssystem und die Abkommen der EU mit Drittstaaten untersucht, hierbei wird unterschieden nach dem Integrations- bzw. Assoziierungsgrad der einzelnen Staaten. Teil der Analyse sind insbesondere die spezifischen Wettbewerbsabkommen der EU bzw. der MoU der Wettbewerbsbehoerden, aber auch der Assoziierungs- und Freihandelsabkommen. Abschliessend wird anhand der Ergebnisse ein eigener Vorschlag fur einen internationalen Rechtsrahmen vorgelegt.