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This volume contains reports on excavations undertaken in the lower
walled city at Lincoln, which lies on sloping ground on the
northern scarp of the Witham gap, and its adjacent suburbs between
1972 and 1987, and forms a companion volume to LAS volumes 2 and 3
which cover other parts of the historic city. The earliest features
encountered were discovered both near to the line of Ermine Street
and towards Broadgate. Remains of timber storage buildings were
found, probably associated with the Roman legionary occupation in
the later 1st century AD. The earliest occupation of the hillside
after the foundation of the colonia towards the end of the century
consisted mainly of commercial premises, modest residences, and
storage buildings. It seems likely that the boundary of the lower
enclosure was designated before it was fortified in the later 2nd
century with the street pattern belonging to the earlier part of
the century. Larger aristocratic residences came to dominate the
hillside with public facilities fronting on to the line of the
zig-zagging main route. In the 4th century, the fortifications were
enlarged and two new gates inserted. Examples of so-called 'Dark
Earth' deposits were here dated to the very latest phases of Roman
occupation. Elements of some Roman structures survived to be reused
in subsequent centuries. There are hints of one focus in the Middle
Saxon period, in the area of St Peter's church, but occupation of
an urban nature did not recommence until the late 9th century with
the first phases of Anglo-Scandinavian occupation recorded here.
Sequences of increasingly intensive occupation from the 10th
century were identified, with plentiful evidence for industrial
activity, including pottery, metalworking and other, crafts, as
well as parish churches. Markets were established in the 11th
century and stone began to replace timber for residential
structures from the mid-12th century with clear evidence of the
quality of some of the houses. With the decline in the city's
fortunes from the late 13th century, the fringe sites became
depopulated and there was much rebuilding elsewhere, including some
fine new houses. There was a further revival in the later
post-medieval period, but much of the earlier fabric, and surviving
stretches of Roman city wall, were swept away in the 19th century.
Margaret had been diagnosed with a rare, aggressive type of breast
cancer and desperately wanted to find someone else who had the same
disease or who had survived it, as the prognosis was not good. This
is the poignant story of two people who met through a cancer
website and who supported each other by e-mail and telephone
through very trying times and who met in person only once. It is a
highly personal story that offers insight into how you can build a
different kind of friendship and find happiness in each other, even
in the face of adversity. Margaret Darling, a retired medical
secretary, lives in Fife, Scotland, with her husband. Since
recovering from cancer, she felt it was quite unusual to find an
Internet friend and make such a connection as she did. She felt she
had a story to tell, and this is the result.
This is the first major analysis of the Roman pottery from
excavations in Lincoln (comprising more than 150,000 sherds). The
pottery is presented in seven major ware groups. Fine wares include
a modest range of imports and are dominated by Nene Valley
products. Oxidised wares are mostly local products with a few
imports as are the shell- and calcite-tempered wares and reduced
wares. The final three are the standard specialised wares:
mortaria, mostly of German and Mancetter-Hartshill manufacture;
amphorae (80% Spanish Dressel 20) and samian, mostly from Les
Martres/Lezoux and 75% undecorated The discussion explores the
chronological range of the entire ceramic assemblage across the
three discrete parts of the Roman fortress and later colonia.
The suburb of Wigford lies near the heart of the historic city of
Lincoln. Before excavations began in 1972, nothing was known of the
prehistory of the area and so the arrival of the Roman army
represented the first historic event. This volume publishes the
results of the excavation of several sites, made possible by a
series of urban development schemes. Each of the excavations
differed in the extent and depth of the stratigraphy uncovered and
each belonged to a different period, from the Iron Age to
post-medieval.
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