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The aim of this volume is to investigate three fundamental issues
of the new millennium: language, truth and democracy. The authors
approach the themes from different philosophical perspectives. One
group of authors examines the use of language and the meaning of
concepts from an analytic point of view, the ontology of scientific
terms and explores the nature of knowledge in general. Another
group examines truth and types of relation. A third group of
authors focuses on the current factors influencing our concept of
democracy and its legal foundations and makes reference to moral
aspects and the question of political responsibility. The chapters
provide the reader with an overview of current philosophical
problems and the answers to these questions will be decisive for
future development.
The book links the concept of intention to human action. It
provides answers to questions like: Why do we act intentionally?
Which impact do reasons and motives have on our decisions? Certain
events are identified as intentional actions when they are
considered as being rationalized by reasons. The linguistic
description of such events enables us to reveal the structure of
intention. The mental and the linguistic constitute irreducible
ways of understanding events. Among the topics discussed are
intentionality, actions, the linguistic form to talk about
intentionality and actions, Brentano's view of intentionality, the
phenomenological approach to intention and Wittgenstein's
proposals. The contributions by Wolfgang Kunne, Peter Simons,
Christian Bermes, Kevin Mulligan, Severin Schroeder, Antonio
Marques, Margit Gaffal, Michel Le Du, Jesus Padilla Galvez,
Bernhard Obsieger and Amir Horowitz show that actions and decisions
are guided by intentional considerations.
To what extent can we doubt certainties? How are certainties
expressed in words? Which language games convey certainty? To
answer these questions we have to recall the method Wittgenstein
used in his investigations. When we look at language games and
forms of life as inseparable phenomena, do forms of life then
provide any certainty? On the other hand, do we automatically
relapse into relativism once we doubt certainties? Which formal
structures underlie certainty and doubt? The book is intended to
answer these questions.
Ludwig Wittgenstein's writings inspired contemporary philosophical
thinking and advanced many issues that had been addressed by
traditional philosophy. The questions raised by the Viennese
philosopher initiated debates on a reconsideration of philosophical
terminology. This is especially true for a term that has generated
at least three significant controversies since its creation and
will probably generate more disputes in the following years. It is
the expression "form(s) of life" which translates into German as
"Lebensform(en)" and "Form des Lebens". The present volume contains
contributions on forms of life, language games and the influence of
Wittgenstein's philosophy on other scholears.
Divorce has long been viewed as a single phenomenon affecting two
individuals without considering the framework conditions in which
it occurs. Due to the increase of divorce rates in the past decades
researchers have changed their perspective and have concentrated on
the view of divorce as a personal experience that is greatly
affected by the socials and economic environment. The aim of this
thesis is to investigate divorce that has become a mass phenomenon
in our present society. The assumption is that in order to
understand the grounds for divorce and its consequences, we have to
view divorce as a phenomenon that occurs at the intersection of
personal, socio-economic and legal factors. Family disputes involve
persons who have interdependent and continued relati- ships and
arise in a context of distressing emotions. Separation and divorce
affect all the members of the family, especially children. The
study presents a comprehensive analysis of divorce as a
psychological process that is situated within a social and a legal
context. It presents a comprehensive view of divorce as a
psychosocial, economic and legal phenomenon and contains a review
of the research literature about divorce and its consequences for
parents and children. Moreover, it describes divorce by proposing
conceptual frames and explanatory models.
The problems associated with understanding come to light in many
facets of our lives. This volume is dedicated to describing these
facets and clarifying problems related to levels of comprehension,
conceptual analysis, understanding oneself and the other as well as
cultural aspects of understanding. The authors address the topic in
different theoretical frames such as hermeneutics, phenomenology,
transcendental, and analytic philosophy.
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