Is academic freedom threatened? The book examines current challenges to academic freedom in Europe, focusing mainly on Italy and Germany. The cases discussed demonstrate that research and teaching are under pressure in European democracies: in Hungary and Poland due to political constraints, in other countries due to societal expectations. Considering different interrelated aspects, the four parts of the book explore many real and potential threats to universities, scientific institutions and researchers, ranging from the European dimension of freedom of the arts and sciences to comparative analysis of emerging challenges to academic freedom against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. They highlight threats to university autonomy from the economic orientation of university governance, which emphasizes efficiency, competition, and external evaluation, and from new rules concerning trigger warnings, speech restrictions, and ethics commissions. Detailed study of these complex threats is intended to stimulate scholarly reflection and elicit serious discussion at European and national level. The volume contributes to the search for a new role of universities and scientific institutions and is addressed to academics and political stakeholders.

Is academic freedom threatened? The book examines current challenges to academic freedom in Europe, focusing mainly on Italy and Germany. The cases discussed demonstrate that research and teaching are under pressure in European democracies: in Hungary and Poland due to political constraints, in other countries due to societal expectations. Considering different interrelated aspects, the four parts of the book explore many real and potential threats to universities, scientific institutions and researchers, ranging from the European dimension of freedom of the arts and sciences to comparative analysis of emerging challenges to academic freedom against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. They highlight threats to university autonomy from the economic orientation of university governance, which emphasizes efficiency, competition, and external evaluation, and from new rules concerning trigger warnings, speech restrictions, and ethics commissions. Detailed study of these complex threats is intended to stimulate scholarly reflection and elicit serious discussion at European and national level. The volume contributes to the search for a new role of universities and scientific institutions and is addressed to academics and political stakeholders.

Das Handbuch arbeitet die Anforderungen und Konsequenzen des Gesetzes zur Verbesserung des Onlinezugangs zu Verwaltungsleistungen (Onlinezugangsgesetz - OZG) vom 14.08.2017 auf. Das OZG bildet nach den Vorstellungen von Bund und Landern die entscheidende rechtliche Grundlage fur eine umfassende und weitreichende Digitalisierungsinitiative im Bereich der oeffentlichen Verwaltung. Bund und Lander sind auf Basis des OZG verpflichtet, bis zum Jahr 2022 ihre Verwaltungsportale zu einem Portalverbund zu verknupfen und alle rechtlich und tatsachlich geeigneten Dienstleistungen daruber auch online anzubieten. Diese Bestimmungen enthalten grosse Sprengkraft.Nach einer Kartierung der rechtlichen Anforderungen und Moeglichkeiten im ersten Teil des Buches werden im zweiten Teil die Potenziale und Grenzen der Verwaltungsautomation aus Sicht der Verwaltungsinformatik als dem "Maschinenraum der Verwaltung" aufgezeigt. Im dritten Teil werden die organisatorischen bzw. institutionellen Gestaltungspotenziale naher untersucht. Der vierte Teil widmet sich den neuen Anforderungen an Fuhrung und Ethik im oeffentlichen Dienst.