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There are two tendencies in present public discussions.Social
problems have their causes in the individual, and are thus not a
problem of socio-economic inequality. Consequently, we find an
increasing policy in Europe of selfactivation and self-help as
substitutes of social work. On the other hand, new types of social
vulnerability and challenges for social work and social policy are
detected which are discussed in the book in their European
dimensions. Beginning in the last century in Europe, processes of
social exclusion are discussed as common phenomena of the crisis in
social welfare systems. They have their origins in the radical
changes in paid employment, the weakening of family ties, and the
increasing incapability of the welfare state to promote social
inclusion. New types of ,social vulnerabilities' are emerging -
containing chances as well as risks. They are discussed in two
ways. On the one hand the implementation of indicator-based
management systems of social services is attempted, which implies a
range of chances and risks in ethical and professional self-image.
On the other hand there are self-help movements, social networks
and other social types of resilience - which are often a complement
or support to Social Work. Yet there is a policy to substitute
Social Work by a strategy of self-activation. Both developments are
signs of the present and indicators of the future of Social Work.
They show the necessity of clarifying the social and political
scopes and prospects of Social Work in societies at the crossroads
of enhancing civility, human development and social security or
overburden the vulnerable, who face new dimensions of
psychological, ecological and economic distress. This book is an
attempt to bring together several European discussions concerning
Social Work and social politics.
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