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Since the end of the second world war special international
interest has been devoted to the economically' underdeveloped
countries. The question is, in what way can the welfare of these
societies be rapidly increased and their standard of living raised.
An enormous volume of literature on this subject has been published
in the last decade and many international organi zations are
engaged upon the study of the problem, which - to quote VAN
BEUKERING - resolves itself into as many problems as there are
underdeveloped areas 1. Much fruitful work has already been done in
this field, and in some of the countries concemed the old economic
tree has already put forth a few fresh shoots. Yet the problem of
development in general is no new dis covery. Development in the
sense of differentiation and speciali zation of man and forms of
society 2 has, of course, always existed. The relations between
human beings are reciprocal, as are those between nations. This
reciprocal relationship is one of the most important
characteristics of colonization, which is an expansion of social
rather than of territorial boundaries.
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