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Country's affairs are greatly impacted by shifts in government;
thus, the availability of research on current happenings within
governmental policy and relations is imperative to keep citizens
informed. Uncertainties and Risk Assessment in Trade Relations
presents an innovative examination of the ambiguities of foreign
importing and exporting and its impact on governmental aspects such
as global relations and financial stability. Featuring coverage on
a range of topics including border adjustment, tax reforms, and
liquidity regulation, this publication is targeted towards
academicians, researchers, and students interested in the recent
happenings and opinions of international trade.
The decisions a corporation makes affect more than just its
stakeholders and can have wide social, environmental, and economic
consequences. The notion of corporate social responsibility (CSR)
describes the relationship between a business and society as a
whole, considering all tangential effects of business. This
facilitates a business environment built around practical
regulations and transparency necessary to ensure ethical and
responsible business practice. Analyzing the Relationship between
Corporate Social Responsibility and Foreign Direct Investment
explores the relationship between ethical and environmental
standards and foreign investment on the international market. As
certain jurisdictions are hesitant to comply with these standards,
this publication elucidates the benefits of practicing CSR as a
means of sustainable economic growth and to mitigate devastating
negative consequences, especially in the developing world. This
book is a key reference source for professionals, economists,
students of business and finance, policy makers, and government
agencies.
Among banking industries and insurance and security sectors,
systemic risk and information uncertainty can generate negative
consequences. By developing solutions to address such issues,
financial regulation initiatives can be optimized. Value Relevance
of Accounting Information in Capital Markets is an essential
reference source for the latest scholarly research on the
importance of information asymmetries and uncertainties and their
effects on the overall regulation of financial industries.
Featuring extensive coverage on a wide range of perspectives, such
as financial reporting standards, investor confidence, and capital
flows, this publication is ideally designed for professionals,
accountants, and academics seeking current research on the effects
of the underlying elements in investing.
As well as highlighting how corporations and enterprises --
national or multinational -- can be effectively engaged in
entrepreneurship and innovation as a means of fulfilling corporate
social responsibility goals and objectives, this book aims to
propose means whereby auditors (and particularly, external
auditors) could more effectively fulfil corporate governance roles
through implementation of local, regional, national and
internationally recognised codes, regulations, and standards.
Whether it is advantageous to regulate both securities investments
and consumer financial instruments through a single entity (as is
accomplished by the Financial Conduct Authority in the United
Kingdom), or through various specialised agencies (as is
accomplished in the United States through the Securities and
Exchange Commission and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau)
depends on the structure of the "single entity" and whether such an
entity is still working as part of a larger entity whose
effectiveness is primarily determined by the extent and level of
coordination and cooperation with other entities in the supervisory
process. As the tripartite arrangement between the Financial
Services Authority, Bank of England and the Treasury has revealed,
even well-designed regulatory structures are prone to flaws and
shortcomings, where resources are inadequately allocated and where
the necessary level of communication and coordination is lacking.
The structure of financial regulation is hence not only crucial to
the success of the attainment of regulatory objectives, but also
the extent of involvement, coordination, and cooperation between
involved supervisory authorities. Further, the allocation of
appropriate tools and resources to those authorities who are best
endowed, equipped with the expertise to carry out the required
level of monitoring and supervision, as well as clear allocation of
such responsibilities, would ensure resources of time and expertise
are not wasted, and that responsibilities are not duplicated. As
well as highlighting the impact of asymmetric information on levels
of monitoring procedures and how conflicts of interests could arise
between corporations and their shareholders or between governments
and the firms being regulated by the regulator, this book also aims
at accentuating the need for the operation of certain vital
safeguards, given the merits that are and could be derived from
self-governance and self-regulation. Several safeguards that are
aimed at bolstering the agent's objectives and actions are closely
monitored, as well as aligned with firm investors' desires,
encompass and relate to the encouragement of longer term firm
economic performance. This also includes increasing shareholder
voting power, and the implementation of legislative tools and
financial reporting standards as means of determining how
effectively executives and management are to be compensated.
Finally, this book is also aimed at exploring how these safeguards
could be applied, particularly within the context of insider
trading and the rationale behind several jurisdictions to adopt or
not adopt insider trading regulations. The author seeks to provide
the readers with a better understanding of how corporate governance
structures can assist businesses.
In unspoken words, I love you means, I love your character,
imperfections, habits and weaknesses. I need you more than you
realise, not just because of what, I can get from you, but because,
I also derive fufilment and unexplainable joy, from being needed.
In other words, a symbiotic and not parasitic, relationship. A
mutual, and not one-sided, love.
This book attempts to address why central bank independence still
lacks certain vital attributes which embody adequate governance and
accountability mechanisms - which are necessary if better results
in relation to longer term economic and political objectives, in
particular, are to be achieved. As well as a consideration of why
the lender of last resort facility should be used for emergency
situations and systemically relevant institutions in particular, an
interesting point which will be considered in this publication is
the comparison between the European Central Bank (ECB)
Recommendation and its application by the Commission in the Re
capitalisation Communication, specifically with its Annex, where
the Commission explains how it determines the price of equity or
own funds (ordinary or common shares) - balancing the "real value"
with the "market value" within a crisis context. This publication
will also consider how to transform financial crises into
opportunities whereby tax burdens to taxpayers are minimised - as
well as making financial markets more efficient. Given the scale of
government intervention and State rescues which occurred during the
recent crisis - as well as the prominence accorded to measures
aimed at preventing and limiting distortions of competition, calls
have been made for competition authorities to take on more
formidable roles in designing and implementing exit strategies. In
order to foster competition as much as possible, it is proposed
that "governments should provide financial institutions with
incentives to prevent them from depending on government support
once the economy begins to recover."
This publication attempts to address why central bank independence
still lacks certain vital attributes which embody adequate
governance and accountability mechanisms - which are necessary if
better results in relation to longer term economic and political
objectives, in particular, are to be achieved. As well as a
consideration of why the lender of last resort facility should be
used for emergency situations and systemically relevant
institutions in particular, an interesting point which will be
considered in this publication is the comparison between the
European Central Bank (ECB) Recommendation and its application by
the Commission in the Re capitalisation Communication, specifically
with its Annex, where the Commission explains how it determines the
price of equity or own funds (ordinary or common shares) -
balancing the "real value" with the "market value" within a crisis
context. This publication will also consider how to transform
financial crises into opportunities whereby tax burdens to
taxpayers are minimised - as well as making financial markets more
efficient. Given the scale of government intervention and State
rescues which occurred during the recent crisis - as well as the
prominence accorded to measures aimed at preventing and limiting
distortions of competition, calls have been made for competition
authorities to take on more formidable roles in designing and
implementing exit strategies. In order to foster competition as
much as possible, it is proposed that "governments should provide
financial institutions with incentives to prevent them from
depending on government support once the economy begins to
recover."
There are some journeys in life, that we may undergo without any
sense of purpose or direction - at the outset. It is only in the
middle, at the end of these journeys, or well after we have left
these places of assignments, that we may realize that there was any
purpose in undertaking such journeys. In the absence of the ability
to adequately plan for such journeys, there may be wonderful
persons who assist, or consciously and unconsciously are planted to
assist with such a journey............................
The Financial Services Act 2012 ('the Act') introduced: "important
changes to the regulatory framework of financial services in the
United Kingdom, many of which affect the Bank of England. The
Financial Services Authority (FSA), which was previously
responsible for regulation of financial firms from both a
'prudential' and 'conduct' perspective, will cease to exist." See
Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin 2013 Q1, page 20 Even though
immense changes have taken place since 2008, this publication, as
well as the entire study, focusses on, considers and necessitates
an in-depth analysis of the structure and system of regulation
which was in force in the UK, Germany, Italy and the U.S between
2004 and 2008. Through a comparative analysis of selected
jurisdictions, the book examines how the external auditor could
assist the then existing regulator, Financial Services Authority
(FSA), the UK's financial services regulator, in carrying out its
regulatory and supervisory functions. It also considers how the FSA
could implement its supervisory and enforcement tools in addressing
the issue of audit liability.
The Role of External Auditors in Corporate Governance and Financial
Reporting not only recommends means whereby a variety of internal
issues can be addressed but also considers various ways in which
the external auditor and audit committees contribute to the process
of corporate governance. Problems related to asymmetric
information, information disclosure, transparency between corporate
managers and shareholders, and factors contributing to insider
trading are covered as well as the various ways in which the
external auditor and audit committees can contribute towards
enhancing corporate governance structures and measures. The impact
of bank regulations, such as Basel III capital requirements, on
risk taking and the need for a consideration of ownership
structures are other issues which are examined. In acknowledging
the issues raised by ownership structures, the book considers
theories such as the banking theory and corporate governance
theory. It also considers other alternatives whereby risk taking
can be controlled, including developments which are contributory to
the rise of Finance Theory. In recommending the external auditor's
expertise as appropriate for addressing agency problems whereby
corporate managers, at the expense of shareholders, are compelled
to act in their own interests, The Role of External Auditors in
Corporate Governance and Financial Reporting, draws attention to
the audit committee's roles, presenting them as being both as a
vital and complementary as corporate governance tools. It also
highlights the importance of measures which need to be in place if
the external auditor's contribution to corporate governance is to
be maximized. Even though an ideal and single model for corporate
governance does not exist, through an analysis of selected
jurisdictions, this book aims to provide corporate managers and
business executives with a better understanding of how their
corporate governance structures can be modelled to maximize the
benefits which effective corporate governance mechanisms could
provide.
This book is focussed on investigating how a proper implementation
of forensic accounting tools could serve as a means and channel
whereby such techniques as valuations, equitable distribution and
evidence could be employed in avoiding unnecessary break ups and
emotional breakdowns. Through the exploration of options which are
available to marital couples considering separation or divorce
during periods of crises, the book aims to emphasise the theme that
a break from the relationship may be the step required to avert a
break-up. The role of forensic accounting in facilitating an
amicable process during such a break - which could result in the
possible restoration of relationships involved during such a
crucial stage also constitutes a recurring theme of the book. It is
a well known fact that financial problems constitute the source of
break-downs in many relationships. Whilst other factors may
contribute to failures in relationships and whilst some couples may
have finalised their intentions and require very little assistance
in getting through such painstaking processes, others may have
their decisions influenced by court procedures, counselling
sessions and the proper application of equitable distribution
procedures - such equitable distribution procedure being considered
a preferred technique in resolving marital asset distributions than
the community property concept. Further this book highlights
factors which need to be taken into consideration - not only in
averting unnecessary break-ups, but also in facilitating harmonious
and amicable settlements which may eventually pave the way for
reconciliation, as well as the restoration of broken down
relationships. Whilst planning of marital asset distribution should
not constitute the focus of any marriage, planning when the need
arises may serve not only as a channel whereby a relationship can
be restored eventually, but as a temporary means of weathering the
storms during the difficult times in the relationship.
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R154
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