Ayurveda (Indian traditional medicine) offers one of the most coherent herbologic theories known to humankind. In spite of this fact, many scientists completely ignore the therapeutic potential of ayurvedic medicinal plants and remedies. From the opposed point of view, Ayurveda definitely needs scientific validation through modern tools. Its foundation in the present time will become wider as the dialogue with modern science will be more active. This book, therefore, tries to cover partially this gap between traditional and modern medicine, providing a new scientific approach of this ancient ayurvedic herbology. About 50 plants and herbal treatment of major diseases are described briefly using both modern and Ayurvedic concepts. The descriptions are based on authors' experience of modern medicine, Ayurveda, clinical studies, and observations of over four decades in the heart of herbs. The text should help shed some light on Ayurvedic principles, which still have unrevealed meanings for the scientific community, and should be especially useful to medical researchers, modern physicians, Ayurvedic practitioners, or anyone else who wants to know more about herbal treatment.