This book calls for a new radical enlightenment, a combative attitude against the credulities and oppressions of our time. Today, when historical time has broken down and the present is a succession of catastrophes, who is still in a position to think critically? There seem to be only two alternatives: condemnation or salvation. This dilemma hides a renunciation of freedom, of improving our living conditions. What fears and opportunism feed these apocalyptic discourses? Why do we believe in them? Disobeying is today the fundamental critical attitude in order to make a common world thinkable. Philosophy was born out of discussion, out of the rivalry between worldviews. The modern enlightenment projected an idea of progress, imposing it as a universal value and model. This book lays out the need for critical dissent as a new beginning for the Humanities that are in transition, dissent built on the inclusion of multiple voices attending the common problems that affect us. Humanities based on trust in the power of thought to recompose a liveable time, based on a common commitment to dignity. It is no longer a question of stretching the past of a dying history but of opening up to the present of an unfinished philosophy. Leaping out of historicism, an unfinished, living thought that updates the main problems of contemporary philosophy and places them in a planetary, post-colonial and feminist framework. A philosophy for a common world.