Having achieved its independence from France in 1960, Chad has run into a serious crises of national building, which have continued to haunt it to the present day, making it one of the poorest and most politically unstable countries on the globe. Chad is a country with sharp geographic and climatic contrasts that puzzle and fascinate the visitor, displaying first a monotonous but majestic portion of the Saharan Desert in the north, punctuated by plains and high altitudes displayed by the Tibesti mountains, where the highest point, Emi Koussi, reaches 11,204 ft.; the middle Central Sahelian zone, where pastoral transhumance lifestyle predominates but where and nut cultivation and harvesting is possible; and an endowed southern tropical zone where the forest and the savanna meet, blessed by several long-running rivers, most notably, the Logone and the Chari that empty their waters into centuries-old Lake Chad. Even though things in Chad seem to have improved during the past 10 years, most observers agree that the path to peace, reconstruction, and economic progress is still long and arduous. This fourth edition of Historical Dictionary of Chad contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 1300 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Chad.

Healthcare Management Strategy, Communication, and Development Challenges and Solutions in Developing Countries analyzes the ways in which health services, public health administration, and healthcare policies are managed in developing countries and how intercultural, intergroup, and mass communication practices are weakening those efforts. If developing countries are to reach their development goals, their leaders must have a firm understanding of the impact of infectious diseases on their people and take prompt action to fix socioeconomic issues arising from the problems associated with poor health practices. Drawing on experiences from international health organizations such as the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), commissioned in poor countries to assist national governments in improving the wellbeing of their citizens, this volume analyzes maternal and child mortality and the spread of infectious diseases, and offers communication strategies for the management of malaria, HIV Aids, Polio, tuberculosis, and others in Somalia, Madagascar, Ghana, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and India.

This book examines the historical and current state of health and the health of the African people, including the Arab North, impacted by such factors as geography and natural elements, cultural and colonial traditions, and competing biomedical and traditional systems. It also looks at technological advances, poverty and health disparities, utilization of resources, and international presence, as reflected by the work of the World Health Organization, and structural adjustments imposed by the IMF and the World Bank.

This book examines the historical and current state of health and the health of the African people, including the Arab North, impacted by such factors as geography and natural elements, cultural and colonial traditions, and competing biomedical and traditional systems. It also looks at technological advances, poverty and health disparities, utilization of resources, and international presence, as reflected by the work of the World Health Organization, and structural adjustments imposed by the IMF and the World Bank.

This book focuses on Africa's challenges, achievements, and failures over the past several centuries using an interdisciplinary approach that combines theory and fact and evidence-based practices and interventions in public health, and argues that most of the health problems in Africa are not a result of scarce or lack of resources, but of the misconceived and misplaced priorities that have left the continent behind every other on the globe in terms of health, education, and equitable distribution of opportunities and access to (quality) health as agreed by the United Nations member states at Alma-Ata in 1978.

Global Themes in World History since 1500 provides students with a concise, thematic approach to world history with emphasis on topics and themes representative of global patterns across time. Students are challenged to embrace the idea that history, while based on primary source evidence, is also based on historians' interpretations of that evidence, and that historiography changes through time and place. The book addresses diverse topics and research areas, including the history of Africa, the African diaspora, world military history, modern Europe, the Middle East, empires and imperialism, food history, cultural history, and more. Each chapter explores key themes that reflect important transitions in world history research and writing: geography and environment; material culture; science and technology; gender and sexuality; and war, peace, and diplomacy. Throughout, students are provided with primary sources, discussion questions, images, timelines, glossary terms, and suggested additional readings and media to deepen the learning experience. An engaging, diverse, and accessible text, Global Themes in World History since 1500 is well suited to undergraduate courses in modern world history.

In this multidisciplinary book, the editor and contributors provide the most accurate and most recent information on health and health care in the State of Mississippi. They explain why the state finds itself in precarious health conditions and reveal the prevailing circumstances as the state debates a path toward a comprehensive health care system for its citizens. They show who has had access to good health care in the state and celebrate the heroes who struggled to provide health care to all Mississippians, and contribute to the debate on how the health care system might be restructured, reconstructed, or adjusted to meet the needs of all people in the state, regardless of race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and national origin.

The issue of health disparities and socio-economic status leads to a relevant discussion of whether health and access to quality care are a right of all people, as the United Nations has proclaimed, or the privilege of a few who have the economic resources and the political clout to purchase first-rate care. The volume offers a clear understanding of health care trends in the state since the inception of its health system during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries up to the present and the prospects of transcending the obstacles of its own creation over the past two centuries. It likewise highlights the economic challenges that Mississippi, like other states, confronts; and how wise and realistic its priorities are in meeting the needs of its diverse populations, particularly racial and ethnic minorities.