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Top international experts present their findings here on new
commercial pillared clays and the latest work in industrial
microporous solids. Culled from recent investigations, some
presented at the symposium on Advances in Zeolites and Pillared
Clays Synthesis sponsored by the American Chemical Society, these
papers include previously unpublished reports on commercial
materials from major corporations and research institutes. They
offer "how to" information on zeolite synthesis, as well as a
survey of advances in novel zeolites.
Refiners' efforts to conform to increasingly stringent laws and a
preference for fuels derived from renewable sources have mandated
changes in fluid cracking catalyst technology. Advances in Fluid
Catalytic Cracking: Testing, Characterization, and Environmental
Regulations explores recent advances and innovations in this
important component of petroleum refining technology and evaluates
how the industry has been changed by environmental regulations
worldwide. Measurement, testing, and improvement Modern
spectroscopic techniques continue to be essential to the
understanding of catalyst performance and feedstock properties. The
book contains a detailed review of the use of adsorption
microcalorimetry to measure acidity, acid site density, and the
strength of the strongest acid sites in heterogenous catalysts. It
also discusses the use of 1H-NMR to characterize the properties of
a FCCU feedstock. In addition, the book dedicates several chapters
to pilot plant testing of catalysts and nontraditional feedstocks,
maximizing and improving LCO (heating oil) production and quality,
and improving FCCU operations. Complying with the EPA The EPA has
identified the petroleum refining industry as a targeted
enforcement area for the Clean Air Act (CAA) passed in 1970 and the
CAA Amendments of 1990. The final chapters of the book examine the
evolution of the EPA's attempts to encourage the refining industry
to enter into voluntary consent decrees to comply with the CAA and
the 1990 amendments. The book describes consent decree negotiations
as well as FCC emissions (SOx, NOx, CO, PM) reduction technologies
through consent decree implementations. Containing contributions
from a panel of worldwide experts, the book demonstrates how the
global shift toward environmentalism has engineered significant
changes in the petroleum refining industry at a critical level.
Since 1987, the Petroleum Division of the American Chemical Society
(ACS) has sponsored at 3 year intervals an international symposium
on fluid cracking catalysts (FCC) technology. This volume collects
the recent progress of this technology as reported in the papers
presented during the 232th National Meeting of the ACS in San
Francisco, September 10-14, 2006.
Sixty-six years after the introduction of the fluid cracking
catalyst process, it remains the main process of gasoline
generation for the estimated 237 millions cars on US roads.
Catalysts testing and evaluation still remains a subject of
interest, debate and controversy. Lambda sweep testing, testing of
SOx, NOx and combustion promoters have been discussed in details
together with catalyst evaluation for atmospheric residues and
metal contaminated oils cracking.
Of particular interest has been the introduction of novel concept
in process design aimed at improving cracked product selectivity
such as two-stage risers for better gasoline and olefins production
and downer technology for high severity processes . The importance
of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the study of
crude oils, catalysts and reaction products are illustrated by
several examples. Two contributions describe the use of predictive
methods to understand FCC aging and deactivation
and personal overviews of the development of SOx and combustion
promoters technology are presented.
* Presents findings from the tri-annual international symposium on
fluid cracking catalysts (FCC) technology, sponsored by the
Petroleum Division of the American Chemical Society (ACS)
* Two contributions describe the use of predictive methods to
understand FCC aging and deactivation
* Personal overviews by the authors of the development of SOx and
combustion promoters technology
Rising oil costs have stimulated significant interest in the
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) as a method for producing a
synthetic petroleum substitute. Drawn from the proceedings at a
symposium held during the 236th meeting of the American Chemical
Society in Philadelphia in August 2008, Advances in Fischer-Tropsch
Synthesis, Catalysts, and Catalysis explores the recent
developments in Fischer-Tropsch technology, which holds great
promise in the area of renewable resources. Expert contributors
explore a range of issues The book focuses on three main themes:
catalyst preparation and activation, reaction mechanism, and
process-related topics. A panel of expert contributors discusses
synthesis of catalysts, carbon nanomaterials, nitric oxide
calcinations, the influence of carbon, catalytic performance
issues, chelating agents, and Cu and alkali promoters. They also
explore Co/silica catalysts, thermodynamic control, the Two Alpha
model, co-feeding experiments, internal diffusion limitations,
Fe-LTFT selectivity, and the effect of co-fed water. Lastly, the
book examines cross-flow filtration, kinetic studies, reduction of
CO2 emissions, syncrude, and low-temperature water-gas shift.
Attaining the maximum catalytic activity and catalyst life The
themes explored in the book demonstrate that while the
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) has advanced in maturity, many
issues remain concerning the preparation of increasingly active
catalysts and the method of activation to attain the maximum
catalytic activity and catalyst life. The book includes coverage of
the structural features, their changes, and the application of
increasingly sophisticated characterization techniques, shedding
light on the reaction mechanism and providing a glimpse into the
processes and reaction rates under realistic commercial process
conditions.
Rising oil costs have stimulated significant interest in the
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) as a method for producing a
synthetic petroleum substitute. Drawn from the proceedings at a
symposium held during the 236th meeting of the American Chemical
Society in Philadelphia in August 2008, Advances in Fischer-Tropsch
Synthesis, Catalysts, and Catalysis explores the recent
developments in Fischer-Tropsch technology, which holds great
promise in the area of renewable resources. Expert contributors
explore a range of issues The book focuses on three main themes:
catalyst preparation and activation, reaction mechanism, and
process-related topics. A panel of expert contributors discusses
synthesis of catalysts, carbon nanomaterials, nitric oxide
calcinations, the influence of carbon, catalytic performance
issues, chelating agents, and Cu and alkali promoters. They also
explore Co/silica catalysts, thermodynamic control, the Two Alpha
model, co-feeding experiments, internal diffusion limitations,
Fe-LTFT selectivity, and the effect of co-fed water. Lastly, the
book examines cross-flow filtration, kinetic studies, reduction of
CO2 emissions, syncrude, and low-temperature water-gas shift.
Attaining the maximum catalytic activity and catalyst life The
themes explored in the book demonstrate that while the
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) has advanced in maturity, many
issues remain concerning the preparation of increasingly active
catalysts and the method of activation to attain the maximum
catalytic activity and catalyst life. The book includes coverage of
the structural features, their changes, and the application of
increasingly sophisticated characterization techniques, shedding
light on the reaction mechanism and providing a glimpse into the
processes and reaction rates under realistic commercial process
conditions.
With petroleum prices spiraling upward, making synthetic fuels-or
"synfuels"-from coal, natural gas, and biomass has become more
economically competitive. Advanced energy companies now focus
exclusively on alternative fuels, and many oil companies have
programs dedicated to developing synthetic fuels. The
Fischer-Tropsch process, which uses a collection of chemical
reactions to convert mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into
liquid hydrocarbons, is the studied method of choice for producing
synthetic petroleum substitutes. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis,
Catalysts, and Catalysis: Advances and Applications began at a
symposium held during the 248th American Chemical Society meeting,
where high attendance demonstrated great interest in
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The lively discussions that occurred led
to the creation of this carefully constructed reference work. The
contributors here have expanded and reorganized their presentations
from the conference into thorough chapters that reflect the four
key subject areas that dominated the presentations: Catalyst
preparation and activation Catalyst activity and reaction
mechanisms Catalyst characterization and related reactions Topics
concerning commercializing the Fischer-Tropsch process While
describing advances and exploring the potential of the
Fischer-Tropsch process in the future of synthetic fuels, the
research also demonstrates that several issues remain in producing
increasingly active catalysts and more efficient reactor design.
Covering recent developments in Fischer-Tropsch technology for
renewable resources and green energy, this book is a significant
contribution for researchers and practitioners concerned with the
production of synthetic fuels. It explores new and sophisticated
techniques while providing a look at the application of these
advances to commercial processing conditions.
Refiners' efforts to conform to increasingly stringent laws and a
preference for fuels derived from renewable sources have mandated
changes in fluid cracking catalyst technology. Advances in Fluid
Catalytic Cracking: Testing, Characterization, and Environmental
Regulations explores recent advances and innovations in this
important component of petroleum refining technology and evaluates
how the industry has been changed by environmental regulations
worldwide. Measurement, testing, and improvement Modern
spectroscopic techniques continue to be essential to the
understanding of catalyst performance and feedstock properties. The
book contains a detailed review of the use of adsorption
microcalorimetry to measure acidity, acid site density, and the
strength of the strongest acid sites in heterogenous catalysts. It
also discusses the use of 1H-NMR to characterize the properties of
a FCCU feedstock. In addition, the book dedicates several chapters
to pilot plant testing of catalysts and nontraditional feedstocks,
maximizing and improving LCO (heating oil) production and quality,
and improving FCCU operations. Complying with the EPA The EPA has
identified the petroleum refining industry as a targeted
enforcement area for the Clean Air Act (CAA) passed in 1970 and the
CAA Amendments of 1990. The final chapters of the book examine the
evolution of the EPA's attempts to encourage the refining industry
to enter into voluntary consent decrees to comply with the CAA and
the 1990 amendments. The book describes consent decree negotiations
as well as FCC emissions (SOx, NOx, CO, PM) reduction technologies
through consent decree implementations. Containing contributions
from a panel of worldwide experts, the book demonstrates how the
global shift toward environmentalism has engineered significant
changes in the petroleum refining industry at a critical level.
With petroleum prices spiraling upward, making synthetic fuels-or
"synfuels"-from coal, natural gas, and biomass has become more
economically competitive. Advanced energy companies now focus
exclusively on alternative fuels, and many oil companies have
programs dedicated to developing synthetic fuels. The
Fischer-Tropsch process, which uses a collection of chemical
reactions to convert mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into
liquid hydrocarbons, is the studied method of choice for producing
synthetic petroleum substitutes. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis,
Catalysts, and Catalysis: Advances and Applications began at a
symposium held during the 248th American Chemical Society meeting,
where high attendance demonstrated great interest in
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The lively discussions that occurred led
to the creation of this carefully constructed reference work. The
contributors here have expanded and reorganized their presentations
from the conference into thorough chapters that reflect the four
key subject areas that dominated the presentations: Catalyst
preparation and activation Catalyst activity and reaction
mechanisms Catalyst characterization and related reactions Topics
concerning commercializing the Fischer-Tropsch process While
describing advances and exploring the potential of the
Fischer-Tropsch process in the future of synthetic fuels, the
research also demonstrates that several issues remain in producing
increasingly active catalysts and more efficient reactor design.
Covering recent developments in Fischer-Tropsch technology for
renewable resources and green energy, this book is a significant
contribution for researchers and practitioners concerned with the
production of synthetic fuels. It explores new and sophisticated
techniques while providing a look at the application of these
advances to commercial processing conditions.
The declining supply of crude oils worldwide and the ever
increasing demand for petroleum products from China, India, Europe
and the US have recently propelled crude prices to unprecedented
levels. The future availability of traditional crudes is becoming a
source of discussion and debate.
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts and Catalysis offers a timely
and comprehensive report on the processing of relatively
inexpensive coal deposits into transportation fluids using
Fisher-Tropsch process Technology. In addition to recent catalysts
and process developments, the book contains the history of the
Fisher-Tropsch in Germany and Japan based on captured documents by
allied forces.
* Increase the understanding of FT process development
* Addresses four major areas of interest in Fischer-Tropsch
synthesis (FTS)
This volume looks at the recent progress of this technology as
reported in the 21 papers presented during the 219th National
Meeting of the ACS in New York, September 5-11, 2003.
In addition, the volume focuses on the use of modern spectroscopic
techniques for the generation of detailed structural analysis
required for the advancement of the science of FCC design.
Other chapters look at the use and importance of solid state
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), microcalorimetry and atomic force
microscopy (AFM) to the study of FCCs and discussing strategies to
control pollutant emissions from a refinery FCCU and
looking at advances in FCC preparation.
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