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Is the nano-age here to stay or will a bubble soon burst? This
thought-provoking page-turner takes a critical glance at how
nanotechnology has affected virtually all areas of our lives. From
the pharmaceutical industry to energy production and storage, many
fields have been truly revolutionized during the nano-age. The
internationally renowned author explores the topic in nine
entertaining chapters.
The book deals with the environmentally friendly cleaning materials
functionalized with TiO2, a widely known semiconductor giving rise
to redox reactions under artificial or solar irradiation. The role
of Titanium dioxide in the worldwide community is introduced first.
The fundamental working principles of heterogeneous photocatalysis
follow and a critical section on the semiconductor bulk and surface
properties open the way to the differences between TiO2 blend
features with respect to analogous thin film layouts. Then follows
the main section of the book which deals with the techniques
applied to manufactured commercial devices, ranging from glasses to
textiles and from concrete and other construction materials to
paintings. Also road asphalt and other devices, such as
photocatalytic air conditioning machines are outlined. Last
generation materials, not yet commercialized, and the deposition
techniques applied to prepare them are also widely discussed. The
final part of the book covers the difficult and modern topic of
standardization and comparison of performance of photocatalytic
processes and in particular the guidelines proposed by various
worldwide organizations for standardization are discussed. The book
covers the general matters as well as the practical applications
with the supporting methods discussed in detail. This book brings
together a team of highly experienced and well-published experts in
the field, providing a comprehensive view of the applications of
supported titanium dioxide.
Single-Atom Catalysis: A Forthcoming Revolution in Chemistry
reviews the latest developments, including whether or not this
technology can become a technically and economically viable choice
and whether existing challenges can be overcome to encourage its
uptake. Beginning with an introduction to single-atom catalysis and
current developments in the field, the book then reviews its role
in potentially disruptive technologies, with a particular focus on
applications in synthetic organic chemistry, solar hydrogen
technologies and low platinum/platinum-free fuel cells. Other
sections cover the steps needed for single-atom catalysis to become
an industrially viable technology and its future outlook. Based on
the extensive experience of its award-winning author, this book
provides an authoritative guide on this novel approach.
Glycerol: The Renewable Platform Chemical provides a valuable
overview of the glycerol market, including industrial applications
and sustainable production of glycerol. Replacing previous works on
the subject, this useful resource describes glycerol, also known as
glycerine, and its chemical derivatives, especially the new
bioglycerol-derived products. The monograph also discusses how the
industrial use of glycerol as raw material for producing commodity
chemicals depends on broader scope and lower cost of the catalytic
process used to convert glycerol of varying purity grades into
valued monomers. New chapters on glycerol polymers, the use of
glycerol as antifreeze, and its sustainable production offer
relevant information for researchers and professionals from
academics and industry alike. The book features new processes, such
as low cost and biocompatible glycerol polymers as a major
alternative to the conventional polymers, with the first practical
applications now emerging in the biomedical and patient care
markets. The book offers both a source of inspiration for new
projects and a reliable source of information on how glycerol is
replacing petrochemicals in many real world applications.
Renewable hydrogen produced using solar energy to split water is
the energy fuel of the future. Accelerated innovation in both major
domains of solar energy (photovoltaics and concentrated solar
power) has resulted in the rapid fall of the solar electricity
price, opening the route to a number of practical applications
using solar H2. New thermochemical water splitting using
concentrated solar power (CSP) as well as CSP coupled to
electrolysis has the potential to convert and store solar energy
into clean hydrogen using a tiny fraction of the world's desert
area to meet our present and future global energy needs.
Photovoltaics, in turn, has the versatility required for supporting
the creation of a distributed energy generation infrastructure in
developing countries especially now that the price of PV solar
electricity has fallen to unprecedented low levels. In all these
cases, solar H2 will be used to store energy and release it on
demand either for fuel cells (to power homes and boats) or internal
combustion engines and turbines (for powering cars, trucks and in
thermoelectric power units). This book on solar hydrogen is unique
in its field and is a timely treatment of a hot topic in industry,
academic, political and environmental circles. With reference to
many examples as well as to new technologies, this accessible book
provides insight into a crucial technology for our common future
and numerous colour pictures contribute to the book's readability.
Written by experts in the field who are engaged at the forefront of
research, the book supplies readers with last minute insight from
the frontiers of research. The book will be of interest to
Politicians, solar PV companies, hydrogen and sustainability
researchers, environmentalists, managers in the automotive and
nautical industries, undergraduate and graduate students in
physics, chemistry, energy and materials science.
By-products of global biodiesel manufacturing are a global fact and
the immense amount of glycerol by-product stacking unsold until mid
2005 gave a visual image of the huge loss of energy and material
resources. This was due to the lack of suitable conversion
processes for this, the oldest organic molecule known to man,
despite various experiments by some biodiesel producers. The large
surplus of glycerol by-product which entered the chemical market
has caused closure of existing glycerol plants and the discovery of
processes that use glycerol as a raw material for the production of
value-added chemicals and even of energy. This was followed by 3-4
years of intense research activity worldwide, where human chemical
ingenuity opened up a number of practical avenues to convert
glycerol into value added products of mass consumption. For
instance, the batteries of your laptop and iPod, as well as your
car's antifreeze will soon be based on glycerol, the same sweet
viscous substance currently present in soaps. Reporting and
commenting on such achievements this book aims to inform chemistry
professionals, including managers and technologists, on the large
potential of glycerol as versatile biofeedstock for the production
of a variety of chemicals, polymers and fuels. Whilst filling a gap
in the current literature, this nicely illustrated book is written
in a clear, concise style and presents the numerous uses of
glycerol as a new raw material which are starting to have an impact
on industry worldwide. Elucidation of the principles governing the
new chemistry of glycerol goes along with updated industrial
information that is generally difficult to retrieve. Through its 10
chapters, the monograph tells the story of a chemical success --
that of converting glycerol into value added products -- and
highlight the principles that made it possible. Whether as solvent,
antifreeze, detergent, monomer for textiles or drug, new catalytic
conversions of glycerol have been discovered that are finding
application for the synthesis of products whose use range from
everyday life to the fine chemical industry. Readers are also shown
how a number of practical limitations posed by glycerol chemistry,
such as the low selectivity encountered employing traditional
stoichiometric and older catalytic conversions, were actually
solved based on the understanding of the fundamental chemistry of
glycerol and by application of catalysis science and technology.
Readers also find a thorough discussion on the sustainability
issues of bioglycerol production covering societal, environmental
and economic dimensions to reflect the needs of politicians and
citizens of today who require cross border research. By explaining
the advantages and problems as well as offering solutions the book
aids understanding as to whether biodiesel and glycerol refineries
are convenient and economically sound. Chemical research on
glycerol has shown that given a strong economic input, chemists are
able to rapidly devise a whole set of new upgrading processes for
the biorefinery and that the latter integrated unity for production
energy and chemicals is not just dream of environmentally-minded
scientists but an inevitable reality of today. Due to the ever
decreasing energy return on energy invested, global society is
being forced to switch from fossil to renewable fuels until cheap
and abundant energy of solar origin becomes a reality. In this
evolution, biofuels, particularly biodiesel, will certainly play a
role and therefore, glycerol will be a key raw material for the
biorefinery for many years to come. The book's users include
industry's top managers and management consultants and also R&D
and marketing managers. Along with technical content of a high
quality, this is also a strategic book for top managers of the
chemical, biofuel, oleochemical and detergent industries.
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