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Nonproliferation Issues for Weapons of Mass Destruction provides an
understanding of WMD proliferation risks by bridging complex
technical and political issues. The text begins by defining the
world conditions that foster proliferation, followed by an analysis
of characteristics of various classes of WMDs, including nuclear,
biological, and chemical weapons. It then explores the
effectiveness of arms control, discussing current nonproliferation
problems, nonproliferation prior to the fall of the USSR, and
weapons safeguards.
The book analyzes the future of these weapons, discussing delivery
systems and potential use by states, terrorist groups, and
individuals. The text concludes with a discussion of what can be
done to limit the impact of WMDs. This volume enables a realistic
understanding of the relative risks that WMDs present to our way of
life.
Examines both mined and synthetic diamonds and diamond films. The
text offers coverage on the use of diamond as an engineering
material, integrating original research on the science, technology
and applications of diamond. It discusses the use of chemical
vapour deposition grown diamonds in electronics, cutting tools,
wear resistant coatings, thermal management, optics and acoustics,
as well as in new products.
Traditionally, resources on terrorism and counterterrorism tend to
focus on the social, behavioral, and legal aspects of the subject,
with minimal emphasis on the scientific and technological aspects.
Taking into account these practical considerations, the second
edition of Science and Technology of Terrorism and Counterterrorism
discusses the nature of terrorism and the materials used by
terrorists. It describes how intelligence professionals and law
enforcement personnel can detect and destroy these materials, and
how they can deal with terrorist groups. This volume begins by
introducing the shift in analysis of terrorist attacks after
September 11, 2001 and summarizes selected case studies. It
discusses the origin and nature of terrorism and the factors
involved in diplomacy. Covering a broad range of topics, the book
examines: Aerosol dispersion of toxic materials Bioterrorism and
the manufacture, detection, and delivery of biological agents
Agricultural terrorism Nuclear terrorism and nuclear weapons
systems, threats, and safeguards Chemical terrorism, including
manufacture, detection, delivery, and decontamination
Cyber-terrorism Personal protective equipment The role of
government at federal, state, and local levels The role of
international agencies and their resources, capabilities, and
responsibilities The National Infrastructure Protection Plan As
terrorist activities increase globally, it is critical that those
charged with protecting the public understand the myriad of ways in
which terrorists operate. While we cannot predict where, when, and
how terrorists will strike, our vigilance in staying abreast of the
terrorist threat is the only way to have a fighting chance against
those who seek to destroy our world.
Minsk, Belarus was the site of the NATO ARW on Wide Band-Gap
electronic Materials May 3 through 6,1994; 143 participants and
observers from 15 countries met for the NATO Advanced Research
Workshop on Wide Band-Gap Electronic Materials (NATO ARW). The
meeting was marked by a remarkable free exchange between east and
west on these topics by revealing technical achievements not widely
known or available in the west because ofpast political climate or
present economic realities in the Newly IndependentStates. The
topics ranged from electron doping of diamond, n-type diamond,
negative electron affinity ofdiamond, applications of aluminum
nitride, doping ofboron nitride, wideband gap electronic
applications, to nanophase diamond. Of the many high-lights during
the scientific meetings, an energy sub band due to defects in the
diamond lattice was described. These defects areresponsible for the
light emission from a diamond Light Emitting Diode (LED) which was
demonstrated at the NATO ARW. This diamond LED can emitred, green,
and blue light. The potential for "high tech" nanostructure
electronic devices such as quantum transistors was described which
mightsome day revolutionize electronics. The prospectsofaluminum
nitride for acusto devices, piezodevices, and
electroluminescencedevices were discussed.
Diamond-based composites, with their advantages of hardness, high
Young's modulus and the like, have demonstrated new and unusual
features, such as stability to high temperatures and pressure
shocks and a large internal surface that can be controlled to offer
customised electrical, magnetic and optical properties, leading to
efficient filters, absorbents, sensors and other tools for
environmental control and monitoring. The current book covers the
synthesis of materials, their characterization and properties,
trends in high pressure and high temperature technologies, low
pressure technologies, basic principles of DBC material science,
and future developments in electronics, optics, industrial tools
and components, biotechnology, and medicine. Wide band-gap
materials are considered, ranging from molecular clusters,
nanophase materials, growth, processing and synthesis. The
processing of composite based materials can be classified into six
basic methods: in situ growth, high pressure/high temperature
catalytic conversion; mix and sinter (c-BN plus metal-ceramic
polymer mix); direct sintering; direct polymorphic conversion;
shock detonation; and SHS sintering.
This second volume of Energy Resources and Systems is focused on
renewable energy resources. Renewable energy mainly comes from
wind, solar, hydropower, geothermal, ocean, bioenergy, ethanol and
hydrogen. Each of these energy resources is important and growing.
For example, high-head hydroelectric energy is a well established
energy resource and already contributes about 20% of the world s
electricity. Some countries have significant high-head resources
and produce the bulk of their electrical power by this method.
However, the bulk of the world s high-head hydroelectric resources
have not been exploited, particularly by the underdeveloped
countries. Low-head hydroelectric is unexploited and has the
potential to be a growth area. Wind energy is the fastest growing
of the renewable energy resources for the electricity generation.
Solar energy is a popular renewable energy resource. Geothermal
energy is viable near volcanic areas. Bioenergy and ethanol have
grown in recent years primarily due to changes in public policy
meant to encourage its usage. Energy policies stimulated the growth
of ethanol, for example, with the unintended side effect of rise in
food prices. Hydrogen has been pushed as a transportation fuel.
The authors want to provide a comprehensive series of texts on
the interlinking of the nature of energy resources, the systems
that utilize them, the environmental effects, the socioeconomic
impact, the political aspects and governing policies. Volume 1 on
Fundamentals and Non Renewable Resources was published in 2009. It
blends fundamental concepts with an understanding of the
non-renewable resources that dominate today s society. The authors
are now working on Volume 3, on nuclear advanced energy resources
and nuclear batteries, consists of fusion, space power systems,
nuclear energy conversion, nuclear batteries and advanced power,
fuel cells and energy storage. Volume 4 will cover environmental
effects, remediation and policy.
Solutions to providing long term, stable and economical energy
is a complex problem, which links social, economical, technical and
environmental issues. It is the goal of the four volume Energy
Resources and Systems series to tell the whole story and provide
the background required by students of energy to understand the
complex nature of the problem and the importance of linking social,
economical, technical and environmental issues."
Diamond-based composites, with their advantages of hardness, high
Young's modulus and the like, have demonstrated new and unusual
features, such as stability to high temperatures and pressure
shocks and a large internal surface that can be controlled to offer
customised electrical, magnetic and optical properties, leading to
efficient filters, absorbents, sensors and other tools for
environmental control and monitoring. The current book covers the
synthesis of materials, their characterization and properties,
trends in high pressure and high temperature technologies, low
pressure technologies, basic principles of DBC material science,
and future developments in electronics, optics, industrial tools
and components, biotechnology, and medicine. Wide band-gap
materials are considered, ranging from molecular clusters,
nanophase materials, growth, processing and synthesis. The
processing of composite based materials can be classified into six
basic methods: in situ growth, high pressure/high temperature
catalytic conversion; mix and sinter (c-BN plus metal-ceramic
polymer mix); direct sintering; direct polymorphic conversion;
shock detonation; and SHS sintering.
Minsk, Belarus was the site of the NATO ARW on Wide Band-Gap
electronic Materials May 3 through 6,1994; 143 participants and
observers from 15 countries met for the NATO Advanced Research
Workshop on Wide Band-Gap Electronic Materials (NATO ARW). The
meeting was marked by a remarkable free exchange between east and
west on these topics by revealing technical achievements not widely
known or available in the west because ofpast political climate or
present economic realities in the Newly IndependentStates. The
topics ranged from electron doping of diamond, n-type diamond,
negative electron affinity ofdiamond, applications of aluminum
nitride, doping ofboron nitride, wideband gap electronic
applications, to nanophase diamond. Of the many high-lights during
the scientific meetings, an energy sub band due to defects in the
diamond lattice was described. These defects areresponsible for the
light emission from a diamond Light Emitting Diode (LED) which was
demonstrated at the NATO ARW. This diamond LED can emitred, green,
and blue light. The potential for "high tech" nanostructure
electronic devices such as quantum transistors was described which
mightsome day revolutionize electronics. The prospectsofaluminum
nitride for acusto devices, piezodevices, and
electroluminescencedevices were discussed.
Traditionally, resources on terrorism and counterterrorism tend to
focus on the social, behavioral, and legal aspects of the subject,
with minimal emphasis on the scientific and technological aspects.
Taking into account these practical considerations, the second
edition of Science and Technology of Terrorism and Counterterrorism
discusses the nature of terrorism and the materials used by
terrorists. It describes how intelligence professionals and law
enforcement personnel can detect and destroy these materials, and
how they can deal with terrorist groups. This volume begins by
introducing the shift in analysis of terrorist attacks after
September 11, 2001 and summarizes selected case studies. It
discusses the origin and nature of terrorism and the factors
involved in diplomacy. Covering a broad range of topics, the book
examines: Aerosol dispersion of toxic materials Bioterrorism and
the manufacture, detection, and delivery of biological agents
Agricultural terrorism Nuclear terrorism and nuclear weapons
systems, threats, and safeguards Chemical terrorism, including
manufacture, detection, delivery, and decontamination
Cyber-terrorism Personal protective equipment The role of
government at federal, state, and local levels The role of
international agencies and their resources, capabilities, and
responsibilities The National Infrastructure Protection Plan As
terrorist activities increase globally, it is critical that those
charged with protecting the public understand the myriad of ways in
which terrorists operate. While we cannot predict where, when, and
how terrorists will strike, our vigilance in staying abreast of the
terrorist threat is the only way to have a fighting chance against
those who seek to destroy our world.
In the lifetimes of the authors, the world and especially the
United States have received three significant "wake-up calls" on
energy production and consumption. The first of these occurred on
October 15, 1973 when the Yom Kippur War began with an attack by
Syria and Egypt on Israel. The United States and many western
countries supported Israel. Because of the western support of
Israel, several Arab oil exporting nations imposed an oil embargo
on the west. These nations withheld five million barrels of oil per
day. Other countries made up about one million barrels of oil per
day but the net loss of four million barrels of oil production per
day extended through March of 1974. This represented 7% of the free
world's (i. e. , excluding the USSR) oil production. In 1972 the
price of crude oil was about $3. 00 per barrel and by the end of
1974 the price of oil had risen by a factor of 4 to over $12. 00.
This resulted in one of the worst recessions in the post World War
II era. As a result, there was a movement in the United States to
become energy independent. At that time the United States imported
about one third of its oil (about five million barrels per day).
After the embargo was lifted, the world chose to ignore the
"wake-up call" and went on with business as usual.
In the lifetimes of the authors, the world and especially the
United States have received three significant "wake-up calls" on
energy production and consumption. The first of these occurred on
October 15, 1973 when the Yom Kippur War began with an attack by
Syria and Egypt on Israel. The United States and many western
countries supported Israel. Because of the western support of
Israel, several Arab oil exporting nations imposed an oil embargo
on the west. These nations withheld five million barrels of oil per
day. Other countries made up about one million barrels of oil per
day but the net loss of four million barrels of oil production per
day extended through March of 1974. This represented 7% of the free
world's (i. e. , excluding the USSR) oil production. In 1972 the
price of crude oil was about $3. 00 per barrel and by the end of
1974 the price of oil had risen by a factor of 4 to over $12. 00.
This resulted in one of the worst recessions in the post World War
II era. As a result, there was a movement in the United States to
become energy independent. At that time the United States imported
about one third of its oil (about five million barrels per day).
After the embargo was lifted, the world chose to ignore the
"wake-up call" and went on with business as usual.
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