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Princeton played the first intercollegiate football game in 1869
and, since then, has gone on to win 28 national championships and
nine Ivy League titles. Over the last 140 years, Princetonas Tigers
have produced a Heisman Trophy winner, scores of All-Americans, and
some of the gameas greatest legends. From soldier of fortune Johnny
Poe to tragic hero Hobey Baker to Charlie Gogolak, one of the first
soccer-style kickers, Princeton Football captures the players,
coaches, games, and stadiums that have made the Tigers one of the
most storied programs in all of college football.
Every autumn American football fans pack large college stadiums
or crowd around grassy fields to root for their favorite teams.
Most are unaware that this most popular American sport was created
by the teams that now make up the Ivy League. From the day
Princeton played the first intercollegiate game in 1869, these
major schools of the northeast--Brown, Columbia, Cornell,
Dartmouth, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Princeton, and Yale--shaped
football as we now know it. Almost every facet of the game still
bears their imprint: they created the All-America team, produced
the first coaches, devised the basic rules, invented many of the
strategies, developed much of the equipment, and even named the
positions. Both the Heisman and Outland trophies are named for Ivy
League players.Crowds of 80,000 no longer attend Ivy League games
as they did seventy years ago, and Ivy teams are not the
powerhouses they once were, but at times they can still be a step
ahead of the rest of football, as in 1973 when Brown and Penn
started the first black quarterbacks to face each other in major
college history.In this rich history, Bernstein shows that much of
the culture that surrounds American football, both good and bad,
has its roots in the Ivy League. The college fight song is an Ivy
League creation (Yale's was written by Cole Porter), as are the
marching bands that play them. With their long winning streaks and
impressive victories, Ivy teams started a national obsession with
football in the first decades of the twentieth century that remains
alive today. But football was almost abolished early on because of
violence in Ivy games, and it took President Theodore Roosevelt to
mediate disagreements about rough play in order for football to
remain a college sport. Gambling and ticket scalping were as
commonplace then as now, as well as payoffs and recruiting abuses,
fueled by the tremendous amount of money generated by the games,
revenue that was oftentimes greater than that collected by the rest
of the university. But the Ivy teams confronted those abuses, and
in so doing helped develop our ideals about the role of athletics
in college life. Although Ivy League football and its ancient
rivalries have disappeared from big-time sports by their own
accord, their legacy remains with every snap of the ball.
The Almanac of State Legislative Elections, Third Edition combines
detailed, state-by-state, district-by-district election results for
the nation's 6,744 state legislative districts with a wide range of
socioeconomic data for each district to present a comprehensive
portrait of voting and demographic trends across the nation. This
new edition features data from 2000 through 2006, covering the most
recent trends and updates to district lines. It includes extensive
state-by-state analyses and 290 maps of the district boundaries.
Inside, researchers will find: An introductory overview of the
major trends in all 50 states and their legislative districts
In-depth data from each state showing the voting results and
demographic changes in each of the districts from 2000 through 2006
Concise and informative essays on each state that offer context to
the data presented and provide valuable historical perspective and
analyze current major electoral and demographic changes Over 290
color maps showing district boundaries for state House and Senate
districts, plus detail maps on urban areas and population that show
how much each district has gained or lost in population during the
period Statistical tables for each state, showing
district-by-district population changes, along with up-to-date
(2006) demographic data measuring average household income, degree
of higher education, percent above/below the poverty line, and
ethnic/racial mix This unique and valuable work is the only
resource to bring together district maps, elections results, and
demographics for all 50 states in one source.
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