The events of 11 September 2001 were a result of a complex, deliberate, and preplanned effort. These events caught the United States off guard and ultimately shocked the country and indeed the world. In the aftermath of these attacks, the US is left with a challenge of huge proportions. The US government must prevent farther attacks, rescue and recover at the attack cites, investigate, hunt down and bring to justice those organizations and individuals responsible for the attacks. In order to do this correctly, and in contrast to recent military conflicts, we must use all the instruments of national power-together. The stakes are too high to get it wrong.