Cybernetics is about having a goal and taking action to achieve that goal. Knowing whether you have reached your goal (or at least are getting closer to it) requires "feedback", a concept that was made rigorous by cybernetics. The subject of Cybernetic Synergy, although emanating from a socio-economic experiment of economic control by cybernetic means in Chile in the early 1970s, has never been approached as an applied subject in its own right. Indeed, the subject of applied cybernetics has never been addressed as a separate issue, although it has been shown that the overall subject of cybernetics applies to a wide range of disciplines, from biology to business via mathematics and engineering. Cybernetic synergy is the study of relationships and controls of and between corporate entities, on an external basis, and departments within corporate entities, on an internal basis. It concerns the decision-making process, and how decisions can be made based on feedback from any part of the organization being managed. It therefore concerns the issue of input of raw material or information, the output of the transformed information and materials, and the rectification of any issue based on negative feedback related to the productive process. It investigates not only the basic theory of the subject but also its applications in the commercial and business environment, as well as touching on government and administrative issues where shortcomings have emerged owing to a lack of synergy and communication. There are already several books available on the subject to cybernetics, but they are all concerned with mathematical approaches along with very heavy technical texts, most of which are completely alien to the layman or the simple practitioner. Furthermore, other than references to business or economic practice in some books, there has never been a book published purely about the subject of applied cybernetics relating to business practices. The book covers the subjects of management and economic cybernetics, and how the theory of cybernetic control can be used to manage business and government functions, whether small, medium or large. It looks at the history of cybernetics, and how some pioneering cybernetic concepts were used in Chile in the early 1970s to manage the Chilean economy. It uses these same principles, along with later cybernetic models, to show how such concepts can be applied to the present-day economy and business practices. It examines present-day business practices and shows how weaknesses in these systems can be addressed and eliminated by the application of cybernetic practices. The aims of the book are to provide an insight into the subject of management and business cybernetics, using the principle of cybernetic synergy, to resolve intra-corporate issues and create more efficient business practices based on simple command-and-control processes. Essentially, this book provides an in-depth insight into the use of cybernetics in business and administration environments, and would explain how cybernetics is a valuable tool in resolving corporate issues concerning efficiency and overall control. It would give a detailed explanation of the various practices and functions involved in business operations and practices.

* Provide expert insights and detailed explanations of the various practices and functions involved in break bulk and general cargo maritime operations. * Unique in addressing a prevalent element of the shipping business that requires a greater level of in-depth knowledge. * Written to appeal to a global audience. * Complementary to Rowbotham's Introduction to Marine Cargo Management.

Cargo management, especially in the maritime sphere, plays a vital role in the transfer of goods between seller and buyer. However, despite over 90% of the world's international trade being conducted by sea, often very little is known about this subject by either party. This unique text provides a clear and comprehensive introduction to the principal elements involved in the management of marine cargo and the carriage of goods by sea. Not only does it analyse key theories and debates in the maritime freight sector, it is equally instructive on practice and logistics. Furthermore, the book provides a thorough guide to the roles and responsibilities of all parties involved in this dynamic industry. This second edition has been fully revised and updated to incorporate the very latest changes in cargo management legislation and procedures, including: Offshore oil & gas supply management The revised INCOTERMS 2010 Tramp shipping and spot cargo trading Project cargo management Dry and liquid bulk cargo management The IMDG Code and the marine carriage of dangerous and hazardous goods Cabotage Salvage Risk management and best practice This is an essential guide for shipping professionals, academics and students of marine logistics, and international trade.

Cargo management, especially in the maritime sphere, plays a vital role in the transfer of goods between seller and buyer. However, despite over 90% of the world's international trade being conducted by sea, often very little is known about this subject by either party. This unique text provides a clear and comprehensive introduction to the principal elements involved in the management of marine cargo and the carriage of goods by sea. Not only does it analyse key theories and debates in the maritime freight sector, it is equally instructive on practice and logistics. Furthermore, the book provides a thorough guide to the roles and responsibilities of all parties involved in this dynamic industry. This second edition has been fully revised and updated to incorporate the very latest changes in cargo management legislation and procedures, including: Offshore oil & gas supply management The revised INCOTERMS 2010 Tramp shipping and spot cargo trading Project cargo management Dry and liquid bulk cargo management The IMDG Code and the marine carriage of dangerous and hazardous goods Cabotage Salvage Risk management and best practice This is an essential guide for shipping professionals, academics and students of marine logistics, and international trade.

This book explains the definition, concepts, practices and procedures of Free Zone operations; how they are created, how they operate, and their benefits to the global and national economy. Readers will be able to understand why Free Zones exist, their role in the development and maintenance of international trade, and how they contribute to national and global economic development and wellbeing, especially in developing nations. The author explains the processes in the establishment of Free Zones, and how government legislation and initiatives assist in this process. The book comprehensively but accessibly covers the topics of Freeports, Free Zones, Export Processing Zones (EPZs) and Special Economoic Zones (SEZs), as well as issues such as Customs requirements, Free Zone law and government initiatives, including the new UK Freeport initiative. It analyses the role of such Zones in global economic development and considers the challenges and issues related to Free Zone development and operation, including security and potential crime. The book also provides a series of case studies into selected global examples of Free Zones, EPZs and SEZs. Freeports and Free Zones will have a broad readership, being of interest to global economic, fiscal and government institutions, policymakers, legal practitioners and advisers, economic and business advisers, port and airport authorities and major multinational enterprises. It will be especially relevant to the food, automotive, defence, manufacturing, logistics, Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), pharmaceutical, aviation and maritime industries.

This book provides readers with an expert guide to measure, quantify and address customs, VAT and international trade risk, especially with a view to maximising the efficiency of both trade practice and the governance and collection of national revenue associated with the regulation and control of cross-border trade. The book delivers expert insight into the rationale behind customs investigations, defining trader risk in terms of international trade and customs and VAT compliance, and highlights the pitfalls in conducting international trade and customs management, practices and procedures. Offering a guide to dealing with customs issues that ensures correct and accurate compliance is the priority when it comes to dealing with imports and exports, it offers solutions in terms of trader knowledge of customs procedures coupled with the knowledge to avoid problems concerning customs and VAT compliance issues and regulations. Introduction to Customs, VAT and International Trade Risk Management is written for customs and VAT practitioners, lawyers, policy-makers, industry and financial professionals (international trade, tax and finance), scholars, lecturers, quasi-government organisations and Government departments (Treasury, Tax), as well as Chambers of Commerce. It will be of interest to all involved in the process of international trade, customs and VAT.