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Southern Anthropological Society James Mooney Award. As Native
American history is primarily studied through the lens of European
contact, the story of Virginia's Powhatans has traditionally
focused on the English arrival in the Chesapeake. This has left a
deeper indigenous history largely unexplored--a longer narrative
beginning with the Algonquians' construction of places,
communities, and the connections in between. The Powhatan Landscape
breaks new ground by tracing Native placemaking in the Chesapeake
from the Algonquian arrival to the Powhatan's clashes with the
English. Martin Gallivan details how Virginia Algonquians
constructed riverine communities alongside fishing grounds and
collective burials and later within horticultural towns. Ceremonial
spaces, including earthwork enclosures within the center place of
Werowocomoco, gathered people for centuries prior to 1607. Even
after the violent ruptures of the colonial era, Native people
returned to riverine towns for pilgrimages commemorating the
enduring power of place. For today's American Indian communities in
the Chesapeake, this reexamination of landscape and history
represents a powerful basis from which to contest narratives and
policies that have previously denied their existence. A volume in
the series Society and Ecology in Island and Coastal Archaeology,
edited by Victor D. Thompson.
Native American history is primarily studied through the lens of
European contact, and the story of Virginia's Powhatans
traditionally focuses on the English arrival in the Chesapeake.
Meanwhile, a deeper indigenous history remains largely unexplored.
The Powhatan Landscape breaks new ground by tracing Native
placemaking in the Chesapeake from the Algonquian arrival to the
Powhatan's clashes with the English. Martin Gallivan details how
Virginia Algonquians constructed riverine communities alongside
fishing grounds and collective burials and later within
horticultural towns. Even after the violent ruptures of the
colonial era, Native people returned to riverine towns for
pilgrimages commemorating the enduring power of place. For today's
American Indian communities in the Chesapeake, this reexamination
of landscape and history represents a powerful basis from which to
contest narratives and policies that have denied their existence.
Archaeology as a Tool of Civic Engagement is an indispensable
resource for archaeologists and the communities in which they work.
The authors are intensely committed to developing effective models
for participating in the civic renewal movement - through active
engagement in community life, in development offor interpretive and
educational programming, and for in participation in debates and
decisions about preservation and community planning. Using case
studies from different regions within the United States, Guatemala,
Vietnam, Canada, and Eastern Europe, Little and Shackel challenge
archaeologists to create an ethical public archaeology that is
concerned not just with the management of cultural resources, but
with social justice and civic responsibility. Their new book will
be a valuable guide for archaeologists, community planners,
historians, and museum professionals.
Archaeology as a Tool of Civic Engagement is an indispensable
resource for archaeologists and the communities in which they work.
The authors are intensely committed to developing effective models
for participating in the civic renewal movement - through active
engagement in community life, in development offor interpretive and
educational programming, and for in participation in debates and
decisions about preservation and community planning. Using case
studies from different regions within the United States, Guatemala,
Vietnam, Canada, and Eastern Europe, Little and Shackel challenge
archaeologists to create an ethical public archaeology that is
concerned not just with the management of cultural resources, but
with social justice and civic responsibility. Their new book will
be a valuable guide for archaeologists, community planners,
historians, and museum professionals.
James River Chiefdoms explores puzzling discrepancies between the
ethnohistoric and archaeological records of the Powhatan and
Monacan societies Jamestown colonists met in 1607. The colonists
described the coastal Powhatans and the Monacans of the James River
interior in terms that evoke the anthropological notion of a
chiefdom, but the Chesapeake region's archaeological record lacks
elements typically associated with complex polities. In an effort
to account for these apparent incongruities, Martin D. Gallivan
synthesizes ethnohistoric accounts with the archaeology of
thirty-five Native settlements dating from A.D. 1-1610 to identify
and illuminate social changes largely undetected by previous
research. A comparative, quantitative analysis of residential
archaeology in the James River Valley highlights a rearrangement of
daily practices within Native villages between 1200 and 1500. James
River villagers reorganized their domestic production, settlements,
and regional interactions to create new funds of power within
social settings perched between communally oriented cultural
practices and exclusionary political strategies. During the
early-seventeenth-century colonial encounter, Native leaders were
thus positioned to employ strategies that, for a time, eclipsed
communal decision-making structures in the Chesapeake. James River
Chiefdoms presents a novel perspective on an important chapter in
the history of Native peoples in eastern North America and on early
colonial America. It offers an innovative interpretive approach to
Native American culture history and the emergence of hierarchical
political organizations in the Americas. Martin D. Gallivan is an
associate professor of anthropology at the College of William and
Mary.
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