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Among medical imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
stands out for its excellent soft-tissue contrast, anatomical
detail, and high sensitivity for disease detection. However, as
proven by the continuous and vast effort to develop new MRI
techniques, limitations and open challenges remain. The primary
source of contrast in MRI images are the various relaxation
parameters associated with the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
phenomena upon which MRI is based. Although it is possible to
quantify these relaxation parameters (qMRI) they are rarely used in
the clinic, and radiological interpretation of images is primarily
based upon images that are relaxation time weighted. The clinical
adoption of qMRI is mainly limited by the long acquisition times
required to quantify each relaxation parameter as well as questions
around their accuracy and reliability. More specifically, the main
limitations of qMRI methods have been the difficulty in dealing
with the high inter-parameter correlations and a high sensitivity
to MRI system imperfections. Recently, new methods for rapid qMRI
have been proposed. The multi-parametric models at the heart of
these techniques have the main advantage of accounting for the
correlations between the parameters of interest as well as system
imperfections. This holistic view on the MR signal makes it
possible to regress many individual parameters at once, potentially
with a higher accuracy. Novel, accurate techniques promise a fast
estimation of relevant MRI quantities, including but not limited to
longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times. Among these
emerging methods, MR Fingerprinting (MRF), synthetic MR (syMRI or
MAGIC), and T1-T2 Shuffling are making their way into the clinical
world at a very fast pace. However, the main underlying assumptions
and algorithms used are sometimes different from those found in the
conventional MRI literature, and can be elusive at times. In this
book, we take the opportunity to study and describe the main
assumptions, theoretical background, and methods that are the basis
of these emerging techniques. Quantitative transient state imaging
provides an incredible, transformative opportunity for MRI. There
is huge potential to further extend the physics, in conjunction
with the underlying physiology, toward a better theoretical
description of the underlying models, their application, and
evaluation to improve the assessment of disease and treatment
efficacy.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a very important clinical imaging
tool. It combines different fields of physics and engineering in a
uniquely complex way. MRI is also surprisingly versatile, 'pulse
sequences' can be designed to yield many different types of
contrast. This versatility is unique to MRI. This short book gives
both an in depth account of the methods used for the operation and
construction of modern MRI systems and also the principles of
sequence design and many examples of applications. An important
additional feature of this book is the detailed discussion of the
mathematical principles used in building optimal MRI systems and
for sequence design. The mathematical discussion is very suitable
for undergraduates attending medical physics courses. It is also
more complete than usually found in alternative books for physical
scientists or more clinically orientated works.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a very important clinical imaging
tool. It combines different fields of physics and engineering in a
uniquely complex way. MRI is also surprisingly versatile, 'pulse
sequences' can be designed to yield many different types of
contrast. This versatility is unique to MRI. This short book gives
both an in depth account of the methods used for the operation and
construction of modern MRI systems and also the principles of
sequence design and many examples of applications. An important
additional feature of this book is the detailed discussion of the
mathematical principles used in building optimal MRI systems and
for sequence design. The mathematical discussion is very suitable
for undergraduates attending medical physics courses. It is also
more complete than usually found in alternative books for physical
scientists or more clinically orientated works.
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