Originally written only for his personal consumption, Marcus Aurelius's Meditations has become a key text in the understanding of Roman Stoic philosophy. This Penguin Classics edition is translated with notes by Martin Hammond and an introduction by Diskin Clay. Written in Greek by an intellectual Roman emperor without any intention of publication, the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius offer a wide range of fascinating spiritual reflections and exercises developed as the leader struggled to understand himself and make sense of the universe. Spanning from doubt and despair to conviction and exaltation, they cover such diverse topics as the question of virtue, human rationality, the nature of the gods and Aurelius's own emotions. But while the Meditations were composed to provide personal consolation, in developing his beliefs Marcus also created one of the greatest of all works of philosophy: a series of wise and practical aphorisms that have been consulted and admired by statesmen, thinkers and ordinary readers for almost two thousand years. Martin Hammond's new translation fully expresses the intimacy and eloquence of the original work, with detailed notes elucidating the text. This edition also includes an introduction by Diskin Clay, exploring the nature and development of the Meditations, a chronology, further reading and full indexes. Marcus Aelius Aurelius Antoninus (121-80) was adopted by the emperor Antoninus Pius and succeeded him in 161, (as joint emperor with adoptive brother Lucius Verus). He ruled alone from 169, and spent much of his reign in putting down various rebellions, and was a persecutor of Christians. His fame rest, above all, on his Meditations, a series of reflections, strongly influenced by Epictetus, which represent a Stoic outlook on life. He was succeeded by his natural son, thus ending the period of the adoptive emperors. If you enjoyed Meditations, you might like Seneca's Letters from a Stoic, also available in Penguin Classics.

'Who would you say knows himself?' In 399 BCE Socrates was tried in Athens on charges of irreligion and corruption of the young, convicted, and sentenced to death. Like Plato, an almost exact contemporary, in his youth Xenophon (c. 430-c. 354 BCE) was one of the circle of mainly upper-class young Athenians attracted to Socrates' teaching. His Memorabilia is both a passionate defence of Socrates against those charges, and a kaleidoscopic picture of the man he knew, painted in a series of mini-dialogues and shorter vignettes, with a varied and deftly characterized cast-entitled and ambitious young men, atheists and hedonists, artists and artisans, Socrates' own stroppy teenage son Lamprocles, the glamorous courtesan Theodote. Topics given Socrates' characteristic questioning treatment include education, law, justice, government, political and military leadership, democracy and tyranny, friendship, care of the body and the soul, and concepts of the divine. Xenophon sees Socrates as above all a supreme moral educator, coaxing and challenging his associates to make themselves better people, not least by the example of how he lived his own life. Self-knowledge, leading to a reasoned self-control, was for Socrates the essential first step on the path to virtue, and some found it uncomfortable. The Apology is a moving account of Socrates' behaviour and bearing in his last days, immediately before, during, and after his trial.

'The greatest historian that ever lived' Such was Macaulay's verdict on Thucydides (c. 460-400 BC) and his history of the Peloponnesian War, the momentous struggle between Athens and Sparta as rival powers and political systems that lasted for twenty-seven years from 431 to 404 BC, involved virtually the whole of the Greek world, and ended in the fall of Athens. Thucydides himself was a participant in the war; to his history he brings an awesome intellect, brilliant narrative, and penetrating analysis of the nature of power, as it affects both states and individuals. Of his own work Thucydides wrote: 'I shall be content if [my history] is judged useful by those who will want to have a clear understanding of what happened - and, such is the human condition, will happen again ... It was composed as a permanent legacy, not a showpiece for a single hearing.' So it has proved. Of the prose writers of Greece and Rome Thucydides has had more lasting influence on western thought than all but Plato and Aristotle. This new edition combines a masterly translation with comprehensive supporting material. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

'He was a man like no other man has ever been' So Arrian sums up the career of Alexander the Great of Macedon (356-323 BC), who in twelve years that changed the world led his army in conquest of a vast empire extending from the Danube to the rivers of the Punjab, from Egypt to Uzbekistan, and died in Babylon at the age of 32 with further ambitions unfulfilled. Arrian (c. 86-161 AD), a Greek man of letters who had experience of military command and of the highest political office in both Rome and Athens, set out to write the definitive account of Alexander's life and campaigns, published as the Anabasis and its later companion piece the Indica . His work is now our prime and most detailed extant source for the history of Alexander, and it is a dramatic story, fast-moving like its main subject, and told with great narrative skill. Arrian admired Alexander and was fascinated by him, but was also alive to his faults: he presents a compelling account of an exceptional leader, brilliant, ruthless, passionate, and complex. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

'Dreams are products of the mind, and do not come from any external source' Artemidorus' The Interpretation of Dreams (Oneirocritica) is the richest and most vivid pre-Freudian account of dream interpretation, and the only dream-book to have survived complete from Graeco-Roman times. Written in Greek around AD 200, when dreams were believed by many to offer insight into future events, the work is a compendium of interpretations of dreams on a wide range of subjects relating to the natural, human, and divine worlds. It includes the meanings of dreams about the body, sex, eating and drinking, dress, the weather, animals, the gods, and much else. Artemidorus' technique of dream interpretation stresses the need to know the background of the dreamer, such as occupation, health, status, habits, and age, and the work is a fascinating social history, revealing much about ancient life, culture, and beliefs, and attitudes to the dominant power of Imperial Rome. Martin Hammond's fine translation is accompanied by a lucid introduction and explanatory notes by Peter Thonemann, which assist the reader in understanding this important work, which was an influence on both Sigmund Freud and Michel Foucault.

'I am Josephus...I myself fought against the Romans' In August of AD 70 the city of Jerusalem was destroyed by Roman forces after a six-month siege. This was the disastrous outcome of a Jewish revolt against Roman domination which began in AD 66 with some early success, but soon became mired in factional conflict. The war ended in the destruction of the famous Jewish Temple (rebuilt by Herod the Great a century before). The remarkable story of the war is narrated by an eye-witness and participant, Josephus. He was at first a rebel commander, then after his capture, supported Titus in the final assault on Jerusalem. Josephus spares no detail of a horrific conflict - atrocities on both sides, the reign of terror in Jerusalem, the appalling conditions of the siege, and the final mass suicide at Masada. His vivid narrative is our prime source for this period of history. It is a dramatic story, with resonances to the present day.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Winter Journeys In The South: Pen And Camera Impressions Of Men, Manners, Women, And Things All The Way From The Blue Gulf And New Orleans Through Fashionable Florida Palms To The Pines Of Virginia John Martin Hammond J. B. Lippincott company, 1916 Southern States; Southern states

Sure to become one of your favorites, this engaging volume describes the history of nearly fifty famous fortifications, from the heights of Quebec to the western frontier. Lavishly illustrated with seventy-one photographs and illustrations, this book devotes an entire chapter to each fort's unique history, including construction, important military events, famous commanders and battle strategies. Many forts changed possession several times. Here we learn what finally became of them, whether they were completely destroyed in battle, slowly decayed by the elements, reconstructed by enthusiasts or preserved for posterity by historians. If you enjoy visiting historic sites, take this book with you. From Fort Independence in Boston Harbor to Fort Vancouver at the mouth of the Columbia River; and from Ticonderoga to the Alamo, these bastions are the silent sentinels of our past.

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

Text extracted from opening pages of book: COLONIAL MANSIONS OF MARYLAND AND DELAWARE JOHN MARTIN HAMMOND WITS SIXTY-FIVE ILLUSTRATIONS PHILADELPHIA tf LONDON J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY 10U roiYKi ok, He who would collect old houses must possess Much enthusiasm, a determination that will not be dis~; niraged, and a fine power of walking. Fully one-half t't the points that he visits because of hearsay will be found to be without interest, and of the others that he ** ek out only a few insignificant facts will at first be tt-teertainablo, A continual source of surprise to one who: em even in the immediate neighborhood in which Mey have stood for so many years. The material in this book has been gathered from jt* r. sonal vinJts and studies at first hand of the houses k I have had certain def inite ends. I wished to cull attention, first, to tht* many beautiful colonial survivals to be found in Maryland and Delaware. Then through the photography anil re production of certain architectural details ( sueh as* in particular, doorway**), 1 have hoped to bring . sugges tion to those about to build home* of the present day. Finally I have laid . some sirens on family history that the descendants of old families in the two States might feel an especially elose drawing to them* shrine* of the life of yesterday, The work of gathering together the photograph* ami data presented in the following pag** s hits meant mueh trumping, buggy ruling anil bunting, the first a no light task with a fifteen pound earner**, but it has N* en a labor of love, I wish to neknuwletlge the valuable assistance of my friend, Mielwel Warner Ifeweit, Tn, in the preparation of several of my chapter*, particu larly thoserelating in Ka* t** rn Shore point*. tlAumm* ft Mf>, ** M. II. July, CONTENTS MARYLAND PAGE CHASE HOUSE ANNAPOLIS 15 FABIIUEH: CnAftw, LLOYD, HABWOOD, RIDOTJT HAMMOND or HARWOOD HOUSE. . ANNAPOLIS S7 PAMUJKN: HAMMOND, PINKNBY, CHASM, LOCKIEBMAN, HAHWOOD PACA HOUSE ....................... ANNAPOLIS FAMXLZEA: PACA, SCHAAJT, NETH, BLAND, KENTNEDT, BRICE HOUSE ............. . ........ ANNAPOLIS .................... 45 FAMILIES: BRICX, STBIPHKN, MARTIN, ROBB RIDOUT HOUSE .................... ANNAPOLIS .................... 60 FAMILY: RIDOUT SCOTT HOI! K ...................... ANNAPOLIS .................... 68 FAMIUMV. Srorr, KKT, BIENKT, CLAUDE, SIBTEKS or MEECT, SISTEES BORDLKY or RANDALL HOUSE . ., ANNAPOLIS .................... 72 FAMIUKH; Ik> w> i* T t EANDALL WHITKHALL, . ............... ...... SANDY POINT, ANNE ARUN DRL COUN

Text extracted from opening pages of book: COLONIAL MANSIONS OF MARYLAND AND DELAWARE JOHN MARTIN HAMMOND WITS SIXTY-FIVE ILLUSTRATIONS PHILADELPHIA tf LONDON J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY 10U roiYKi ok, He who would collect old houses must possess Much enthusiasm, a determination that will not be dis~; niraged, and a fine power of walking. Fully one-half t't the points that he visits because of hearsay will be found to be without interest, and of the others that he ** ek out only a few insignificant facts will at first be tt-teertainablo, A continual source of surprise to one who: em even in the immediate neighborhood in which Mey have stood for so many years. The material in this book has been gathered from jt* r. sonal vinJts and studies at first hand of the houses k I have had certain def inite ends. I wished to cull attention, first, to tht* many beautiful colonial survivals to be found in Maryland and Delaware. Then through the photography anil re production of certain architectural details ( sueh as* in particular, doorway**), 1 have hoped to bring . sugges tion to those about to build home* of the present day. Finally I have laid . some sirens on family history that the descendants of old families in the two States might feel an especially elose drawing to them* shrine* of the life of yesterday, The work of gathering together the photograph* ami data presented in the following pag** s hits meant mueh trumping, buggy ruling anil bunting, the first a no light task with a fifteen pound earner**, but it has N* en a labor of love, I wish to neknuwletlge the valuable assistance of my friend, Mielwel Warner Ifeweit, Tn, in the preparation of several of my chapter*, particu larly thoserelating in Ka* t** rn Shore point*. tlAumm* ft Mf>, ** M. II. July, CONTENTS MARYLAND PAGE CHASE HOUSE ANNAPOLIS 15 FABIIUEH: CnAftw, LLOYD, HABWOOD, RIDOTJT HAMMOND or HARWOOD HOUSE. . ANNAPOLIS S7 PAMUJKN: HAMMOND, PINKNBY, CHASM, LOCKIEBMAN, HAHWOOD PACA HOUSE ....................... ANNAPOLIS FAMXLZEA: PACA, SCHAAJT, NETH, BLAND, KENTNEDT, BRICE HOUSE ............. . ........ ANNAPOLIS .................... 45 FAMILIES: BRICX, STBIPHKN, MARTIN, ROBB RIDOUT HOUSE .................... ANNAPOLIS .................... 60 FAMILY: RIDOUT SCOTT HOI! K ...................... ANNAPOLIS .................... 68 FAMIUMV. Srorr, KKT, BIENKT, CLAUDE, SIBTEKS or MEECT, SISTEES BORDLKY or RANDALL HOUSE . ., ANNAPOLIS .................... 72 FAMIUKH; Ik> w> i* T t EANDALL WHITKHALL, . ............... ...... SANDY POINT, ANNE ARUN DRL COUN

Bricks were introduced to Britain by the Romans and reintroduced by Flemish craftsmen in the middle ages. Until the early nineteenth century they were made in numerous small brickyards supplying local needs, but eventually increasing demand led to the invention of improved brickmaking machines and kilns. This book gives an insight into the surprising variety of bricks, as well as a brief history of brickmaking, descriptions of hand and machine moulding, drying, the use of kilns and firing. Despite competition from newer materials, brick still holds its own as a facing material and traditional methods still survive in the smaller yards.

'Muse, tell me of a man: a man of much resource, who was made to wander far and long, after he had sacked the sacred city of Troy. Many were the men whose lands he saw and came to know their thinking: many too the miseries at sea which he suffered in his heart, as he sought to win his own life and the safe return of his companions.' Recounting the epic journey home of Odysseus from the Trojan War, "The Odyssey" - alongside its sister poem "The Iliad" - stands as the well-spring of Western Civilisation and culture, an inspiration to poets, writers and thinkers for thousands of years since. This authoritative prose translation by Martin Hammond brings Homer's great poem of homecoming to life as Odysseus battles through such familiar dangers as the cave of the Cyclops, the call of the Sirens and his hostile reception back in his native land of Ithaca.

"The Odyssey" is one of the earliest works of European literature, second only to "The Iliad". These two great epic poems, the astonishing first fruits of Greek civilisation, have together determined much of the course of Western literary culture and imagination. "The Odyssey" tells of the long and painful return of Odysseus from the Trojan War to his homeland of Ithaka, his wife Penelope, and his son Telemachos. Even after he finally returns, there are enemies to be fought in his house. The action of the poem covers a huge canvas, ranging widely over time and place, exploring the known and the unknown worlds, involving magic and monsters, gods and ghosts, dangers defied: throughout there runs a strong and eloquent insistence on the humanity of man and the ultimate triumph of good over evil. This new translation by Martin Hammond complements his translation of "The Iliad". It aims to capture as closely as possible both the simplicity and the intensity of Homer's epic.