This book gathers a selection of the best papers presented during the 14th International Conference on Location Based Services, which was held in Zurich (Switzerland) between the 15th and 17th January 2018. It presents a general overview of recent research activities related to location based services. Such activities have grown in importance over the past several years, especially those concerning outdoor/indoor positioning, smart environments, spatial modeling, personalization and context-awareness, cartographic communication, novel user interfaces, crowdsourcing, social media, big data analysis, usability and privacy.

20 years ago, from July 8 to 20, 1990, 60 researchers gathered for two weeks at Castillo-Palacio Magalia in Las Navas del Marques (Avila Province, Spain) to discuss cognitive and linguistic aspects of geographic space. This meeting was the start of successful research on cognitive issues in geographic information science, produced an edited book (D. M. Mark and A. U. Frank, Eds., 1991, Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic Space. NATO ASI Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences 63. Kluwer, Dordrecht/Boston/London), and led to a biannual conference (COSIT), a refereed journal (Spatial Cognition and Computation), and a substantial and still growing research community. It appeared worthwhile to assess the achievements and to reconsider the research challenges twenty years later. What has changed in the age of computational ontologies and cyber-infrastructures? Consider that 1990 the web was only about to emerge and the very first laptops had just appeared! The 2010 meeting brought together many of the original participants, but was also open to others, and invited contributions from all who are researching these topics. Early-career scientists, engineers, and humanists working at the intersection of cognitive science and geographic information science were invited to help with the re-assessment of research needs and approaches. The meeting was very successful and compared the research agenda laid out in the 1990 book with achievements over the past twenty years and then turned to the future: What are the challenges today? What are worthwhile goals for basic research? What can be achieved in the next 20 years? What are the lessons learned? This edited book will assess the current state of the field through chapters by participants in the 1990 and 2010 meetings and will also document an interdisciplinary research agenda for the future.

GeoS 2009 was the third edition of the International Conference on Geospatial Semantics. It was held in Mexico City, December 3-4, 2009. Within the last years, geospatial semantics has become a prominent research ?eld in GIScience and related disciplines. It aims at exploring strategies, c- putational methods, and tools to support semantic interoperability, geographic information retrieval, and usability. Research on geospatial semantics is a m- tidisciplinary and heterogeneous ?eld, which combines approaches from the g- sciences with philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, mathematics, and c- puterscience.WiththeincreasingpopularityoftheSemanticWebandespecially the advent of linked data, the need for semantic enablement of geospatial s- vices becomes even more pressing. In general, semantic interoperability plays a role if data are acquired in a di?erent context than they are ?nally used for. This is the case when shifting from the document Web to the data Web. The core idea of linked data is to make information contributed by various actors, with di?erent cultural backgrounds, and di?erent applications in mind available to the public. Understanding, matching, and translating between the concep- alizations underlying these data becomes a key challenge for future research on geospatial semantics. Thisvolumecontainsfullresearchpapers, whichwereselectedfromamong19 submissions received in response to the Call for Papers.Eachsubmission was - viewedbythreeorfourProgramCommitteemembersand10paperswerechosen for presentation. The papers focus on foundations of geo-semantics, the formal representationof geospatialdata, semantics-basedinformationretrieval and r- ommender systems, spatialqueryprocessing, aswellasgeo-ontologiesandapp- cations.Overall, adiversebodyofresearchwaspresentedcomingfrominstitutions in Austria, Germany, Mexico, The Netherlands, Spain, Taiwan, and the

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Geographic Information Science, GIScience 2006. The book presents 26 revised full papers. Among traditional topics addressed are spatial representations and data structures, spatial and temporal reasoning, computational geometry, spatial analysis, and databases. Many papers deal with navigation, interoperability, dynamic modeling, ontology, and semantics. Geosensors, location privacy, social issues and GI research networks rank among the new directions covered.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory, COSIT 2015, held in Santa Fee, NM, USA, in October 2015. The 22 papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 52 full paper submissions. The following topics are addressed: formalizing and modeling space-time, qualitative spatio-temporal reasoning and representation, language and space, signs, images, maps, and other representations of space, navigations by humans and machines.