This textbook provides a comprehensive and instructive coverage of vehicular traffic flow dynamics and modeling. It makes this fascinating interdisciplinary topic, which to date was only documented in parts by specialized monographs, accessible to a broad readership. Numerous figures and problems with solutions help the reader to quickly understand and practice the presented concepts. This book is targeted at students of physics and traffic engineering and, more generally, also at students and professionals in computer science, mathematics, and interdisciplinary topics. It also offers material for project work in programming and simulation at college and university level. The main part, after presenting different categories of traffic data, is devoted to a mathematical description of the dynamics of traffic flow, covering macroscopic models which describe traffic in terms of density, as well as microscopic many-particle models in which each particle corresponds to a vehicle and its driver. Focus chapters on traffic instabilities and model calibration/validation present these topics in a novel and systematic way. Finally, the theoretical framework is shown at work in selected applications such as traffic-state and travel-time estimation, intelligent transportation systems, traffic operations management, and a detailed physics-based model for fuel consumption and emissions.

This textbook provides a comprehensive and instructive coverage of vehicular traffic flow dynamics and modeling. It makes this fascinating interdisciplinary topic, which to date was only documented in parts by specialized monographs, accessible to a broad readership. Numerous figures and problems with solutions help the reader to quickly understand and practice the presented concepts. This book is targeted at students of physics and traffic engineering and, more generally, also at students and professionals in computer science, mathematics, and interdisciplinary topics. It also offers material for project work in programming and simulation at college and university level. The main part, after presenting different categories of traffic data, is devoted to a mathematical description of the dynamics of traffic flow, covering macroscopic models which describe traffic in terms of density, as well as microscopic many-particle models in which each particle corresponds to a vehicle and its driver. Focus chapters on traffic instabilities and model calibration/validation present these topics in a novel and systematic way. Finally, the theoretical framework is shown at work in selected applications such as traffic-state and travel-time estimation, intelligent transportation systems, traffic operations management, and a detailed physics-based model for fuel consumption and emissions.

Das vorliegende Lehrbuch gibt eine umfassende und didaktische Darstellung der Modellierung und Dynamik des Strassenverkehrs. Es erschliesst Studenten dieses anschauliche und faszinierende Gebiet, welches bisher nur in der englischsprachigen Originalliteratur dargestellt wurde. Zahlreiche Abbildungen und geloste Ubungsaufgaben tragen zum Verstandnis bei. Das Buch richtet sich an Physik- und Verkehrsingenieurstudenten mit interdisziplinarer Ausrichtung sowie allgemein an Studierende der Informatik, Mathematik und technischer Richtungen.

Nach einer Darstellung der verschiedene Kategorien von Verkehrsdaten werden im Hauptteil die Einflussfaktoren der Stauentstehung und Verkehrsinstabilitaten wie Stop-and-Go-Verkehr mit mathematischen Modellen analysiert. Der Verkehr wird dabei entweder makroskopisch als Fluss beschrieben, oder mikroskopisch als Vielteilchenmodell, wobei jedes Teilchen einen Fahrer bzw. ein Fahrzeug darstellt. Im letzten Teil des Werkes werden ausgewahlte Anwendungen der dargestellten Konzepte und Methoden dargestellt, insbesondere Verkehrslageschatzung und Verkehrstelematik, Verkehrsmanagement, sowie eine detaillierte Kraftstoffverbrauchs- und Emissionsberechnung."

Ultrasonic wave attenuation measurements have been used to successfully characterize the microstructure and material properties of inhomogeneous materials. Recent research has applied acoustic scattering models to predict ultrasonic attenuation in simple cement-based materials with good results. The goal of the current research is to extend this past work and to investigate the influence of elastic inclusions in order to simulate a more realistic microstructure: a cement paste matrix material that contains both sand inclusions and air voids. The sand inclusions simulate fine aggregates as they are present in real civil engineering structures, while the air voids provide an additional microstructure that is present in concrete components. This research considers an independent scattering model as well as a self-consistent effective medium theory approach in order to model the scattering attenuation due to the sand inclusions in the cement paste matrix. The research develops a reliable measurement technique that is essential to assess wave attenuation of particulate materials. The measured attenuation is finally compared to the model predictions and the results are discussed.