This volume brings together senior practitioners and academic specialists to consider how the EU's new foreign policy has been evolving and how the various actors are maintaining the holistic approach intended by the draftsmen of the 2009 Lisbon Treaty.

This text contributes to the continuing debate surrounding the European Integration process. Drawing on a wealth of material, including the 1996 Intergovernmental Conference and budgetary negotiations, the contributors develop insights and theories about the nature of the integrative process. This collection brings together leading academics and practitioners in the field and should be useful to students, teachers, practitioners and anyone interested in the evolution of European unity.

This volume brings together senior practitioners and academic specialists to consider how the EU's new foreign policy has been evolving and how the various actors are maintaining the holistic approach intended by the draftsmen of the 2009 Lisbon Treaty.

The 1994 Euro-elections may have marked a sea-change in British politics. The Conservatives lost seats, but the Prime Minister narrowly saw off threats to his position. The Liberal Democrats won seats, but did not make the breakthrough in the south that pundits had been predicting. Perhaps above all, John Smith's untimely death led to the appearance of a new phenomenon in British politics, the `Blair effect'. This study is primarily about the short and complex 1994 Euro-campaign in Britain, but it places this in the more general context of Britain's awkward relations with its continental partners and the changing positions on Europe of British political parties. Deprived of power in Westminster, Labour became stronger in Strasbourg, and Europe remained firmly on the British political agenda.

In the debates about the UK's future relationship with the European Union, all sorts of possible alternatives have been bandied about, from "Singapore on the Thames" to "Canada Plus", from "Switzerland" to "Ukraine", from "Norway" to "Australia". But what do these alternative relationship models really consist of and would they be viable for the UK? Martin Westlake brings together distinguished contributors to examine these various options, real and potential, and to consider whether they would offer a workable solution for the continued relationship between the EU and post-Brexit Britain. These essays offer expert insight into the scale and challenge of the practical issues facing Britain as it seeks to establish a new future with its largest trading partner.

In the debates about the UK's future relationship with the European Union, all sorts of possible alternatives have been bandied about, from "Singapore on the Thames" to "Canada Plus", from "Switzerland" to "Ukraine", from "Norway" to "Australia". But what do these alternative relationship models really consist of and would they be viable for the UK? Martin Westlake brings together distinguished contributors to examine these various options, real and potential, and to consider whether they would offer a workable solution for the continued relationship between the EU and post-Brexit Britain. These essays offer expert insight into the scale and challenge of the practical issues facing Britain as it seeks to establish a new future with its largest trading partner.

The 2016 Brexit referendum result has been portrayed as the consequence of various short-term phenomena: the financial crisis, austerity, migration and UKIP, to name a few. Overnight the political future of the UK took an unprecedented and unexpected turn against EU membership. Since then, the UK's government has been charting unknown waters in its negotiations to disentangle the United Kingdom from its membership and obligations to the European Union. In this book, Martin Westlake argues that focus on the short-term, reflex action of the Brexit vote has overshadowed a series of longer-term trends that were inexorably leading, or pushing, the UK away from full membership of the European Union. He shows that the UK was an increasingly semi-detached member, requiring ever more elaborate and ingenious fixes with opt-outs and rebates to keep its involvement in the project. Rather than a sudden, impulsive act of rejection, Brexit should be seen as having taken place over a number of years at various levels: a gradual slipping of the ties that bound the country to the European Union.