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Echinoderms have evolved diverse and disparate morphologies
throughout the Phanerozoic. Among them, blastozoans, an extinct
group of echinoderms that were an important component of Paleozoic
marine ecosystems, are primarily subdivided into groups based on
the morphology of respiratory structures. However, systematic and
phylogenetic research from the past few decades have shown that
respiratory structures in blastozoans are not group-defining and
they have re-evolved throughout echinoderm evolution. This Element
provides a review of the research involving blastozoan respiratory
structures, along with research concerning the morphology,
paleoecology, and ontogeny of each of the major groupings of
blastozoans as it relates to their corresponding respiratory
structures. Areas of future research in these groups are also
highlighted.
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