Analytical techniques are powerful tools in a chemist's armoury. Spectroscopic data and chemical information are used routinely in laboratories to follow a chemical reaction or elucidate a chemical structure. However, the sophistication of the analytical techniques used changes rapidly, hence the routinely used method of today can all too readily be superseded by the new technology of tomorrow. More Modern Chemical Techniques identifies some applications of the important chemical techniques in use today that are less well known in schools and colleges and which illustrate how chemistry is using state-of-the-art technology to push back the frontiers of the subject. Examples include: elemental analysis such as atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma techniques; separations including electrophoresis, structure determination (eg x-ray diffraction and optical microscopy); and sampling and sample preparation.

Four years ago the first international symposium dealing with neural transplan- tation was organized as a satellite conference to the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in Los Angeles, California. The expanded proceed- ings of that symposium were published by Springer-Verlag in 1983 in a volume entitled Neural Tissue Transplantation Research. We were sufficiently pleased with the results ofthat effort to organize a second satellite international sympo- sium on Neural Transplantation and Regeneration in conjunction with the 13th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in Boston in the fall of 1983. Paralleling the growing body of research dealing with various aspects of neural transplantation, the scope of this second symposium was broadened to include not only transplantation but also regeneration. Additionally, topics of clinical interest were addressed as weil as issues ofbasic research. The promise apparent in that first conference is still seen in the second as more and more investigators apply their talents in an attempt to understand this infant field of research. The present volume represents an expanded version of the material presented at the second symposium. We wish to thank all ofthe contributors to the conference and to this volume for their insight and their assistance.

Nucleic Acids describes the way in which the fundamentally important biological activities of these molecules can be understood in terms of their chemical structures. The book focuses on the chemistry of the deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) and ribonucleic acids (RNA). However, because nucleic acid chemistry cannot be fully understood without some knowledge of the underlying biology, a substantial amount of the background biology is also included. Beginning with a concise review of the biological roles of nucleic acids, the text then discusses the components from which they are made, and works up through nucleosides and nucleotides to the covalent structures of the nucleic acids themselves. The double helical structure of DNA and its implications for replication are then described. This is followed by a detailed treatment of the chemistry of the processes by which the information encoded in DNA is expressed in terms of the amino acid sequences of proteins. The final chapter describes modern tools of DNA analysis and how they have been used in a range of recent applications such as gene cloning, genome sequence analysis, and DNA fingerprinting. Although targeted specifically at undergraduate chemistry students, Nucleic Acids will also be of interest to undergraduates studying biochemistry. Ideal for the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, Tutorial Chemistry Texts is a major series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples.

This introduction to organic spectroscopic analysis aims to provide the reader with a basic understanding of how nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS) give rise to spectra, and how these spectra can be used to determine the structure of organic molecules. The text aims to lead the reader to an appreciation of the information available from each form of spectroscopy and an ability to use spectroscopic information in the identification of organic compounds. Aimed at undergraduate students, Organic Spectroscopic Analysis is a unique textbook containing large numbers of spectra, problems and marginal notes, specifically chosen to highlight the points being discussed. Ideal for the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, Tutorial Chemistry Texts is a major series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples.

Encompassing all aspects of the structures of peptides and proteins, this book adopts a uniquely problem-oriented approach to the topic. Starting with a look at the structures and properties of the twenty amino acids that occur in proteins, and moving on to the synthesis of polypeptides and the isolation of proteins, Peptides and Proteins then addresses the methods of analysis of protein characteristics, including the modern methods of sequence analysis by mass spectrometry. Further chapters examine the three-dimensional nature of protein structure, and introduce the student to the use of computer applications (molecular graphics, databases, bioinformatics) in protein chemistry. Original research data is used in many of the problems, and throughout sufficient background biology is included, thus putting the subject into context for chemists. Aimed at first and second-year chemistry students, this title will also be of interest to students of biochemistry. Ideal for the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, Tutorial Chemistry Texts is a major new series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples.

What do a pharmaceutical, polymer and solid state chemist have in common? Organometallic chemistry of course, since progress in their diverse fields has at many times relied on this. It is a discipline which stands at the crossroads of so many branches of chemistry, with industrial applications ranging from the gram to megatonne scale. This book aims to introduce undergraduates to the utility of organotransition metal chemistry, a discipline of importance to scientists and technologists in a variety of industry sectors. The main focus will be on the reactivity of organometallic compounds of the transition metals, supported by discussion of structure and bonding and their implications. The aim, on completion of the course, is that a student will be equipped to recognize the key classes of organometallic compounds, their methods of characterization, possible synthetic routes and anticipated reactivity. Ideal for the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, Tutorial Chemistry Texts is a major series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples.

Structure and Bonding covers introductory atomic and molecular theory as given in first and second year undergraduate courses at university level. This book explains in non-mathematical terms where possible, the factors that govern covalent bond formation, the lengths and strengths of bonds and molecular shapes. Throughout the book, theoretical concepts and experimental evidence are integrated. An introductory chapter summarizes the principles on which the Periodic Table is established, and describes the periodicity of various atomic properties which are relevant to chemical bonding. Symmetry and group theory are introduced to serve as the basis of all molecular orbital treatments of molecules. This basis is then applied to a variety of covalent molecules with discussions of bond lengths and angles and hence molecular shapes. Extensive comparisons of valence bond theory and VSEPR theory with molecular orbital theory are included. Metallic bonding is related to electrical conduction and semi-conduction. The energetics of ionic bond formation and the transition from ionic to covalent bonding is also covered. Ideal for the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, Tutorial Chemistry Texts is a major series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples.

Produced in collaboration with the National Gallery, this resource pack outlines a range of activities for pre- and post-16 students of chemistry and art. Printed in full colour throughout, the pack comprises: * A guide to using the pack * A3-sized prints of 10 paintings from the National Gallery, London * A booklet with historical information on each painting, including details on the part science played in cleaning, conservation and restoration * A booklet of experiments for pre-16 students * A booklet for post-16 students

Synthesis is one of the major endeavours of the organic chemist, and the design of a successful synthesis requires a sound knowledge of functional group chemistry, stereochemistry and organic reaction mechanisms. Organic Synthetic Methods introduces the major methods of creating carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bonds, along with functional group interconversions (oxidation, reduction, halogenation). The use of protecting groups and solid-phase methods are also discussed. The analysis of the structure of a target molecule, in terms of the structural consequences of synthetic reactions, is introduced to enable the student to identify key dissections and building blocks and hence develop a suitable synthetic method. Examples of the synthesis of labelled compounds are also provided. Ideal for the needs of undergraduate chemistry students, Tutorial Chemistry Texts is a major new series consisting of short, single topic or modular texts concentrating on the fundamental areas of chemistry taught in undergraduate science courses. Each book provides a concise account of the basic principles underlying a given subject, embodying an independent-learning philosophy and including worked examples.