This issue of the Cardiac Electrophysiology, edited by Dr. Masood Akhtar, will cover the physiological and pathological aspects of the His-Purkinje System in depth. This content will be supported by a variety of clinical cases that explore various aspects of and issues encountered involving the His-Purkinje System compliment the pathology and physiology.

This issue is a valuable tool to help electrophysiologists interpret complex ECGs so they can better understand arrhythmia mechanisms.? Organized by cases, this issue illustrates many of the classic electrocardiographic findings and phenomena that every electrophysiologist should know. Study of this issue demonstrates?a systematic way to analyze arrhythmia mechanisms.

Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, University of Sindh (Institute of English Language and Literature), language: English, comment: This research study was approved by the Institute of English Language and Literature, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan for the partial fulfillment of M.phill assignments., abstract: Linguists with the collaborations of Psychologists have presented various theories of cognitive development and language learning since the time unknown, these theories have influenced the learners' learning behavior in a particular area over a specific time when a particular theory was in force. These theories were not only followed but many of them empirical tested and tried which finally allowed the Linguists and Psychologist to impose them, simultaneously some of them were not empirically tested (Krashen's Monitor Model) but remained in the practice due to their immense worth and importance or reliability among the linguists and educators in the cognitive set up. Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (1896 - 1934) and Jean Piaget (1896-1980) were 20th century contemporary philosophers and psychologists, they presented their theories for the child's cognitive development, however their theories were entirely different and opposite to each other except very little agreement, they exert a tremendous influence over the schooling environment of children. These theories were not only practiced but also remained in force time to time. Vygostky was Russian psychologist who died earlier at the age of 38, due to tuberculoses but he has written more than 100 articles and books, Vygostky's major work remained in Russian language (until its translations in 1960) but some of the translations are available now, Vygostky wrote about language and thought, cognitive and learning development, psychology of art and educating the students with special needs.

Among poultry diseases, coccidiosis remains one of the most serious problems of poultry with treatment of high cost and ineffective drugs. Vaccination seems to be an effective and safe alternate to control the disease. It favored both by the biology of Eimeria species and husbandry methods that create a high risk of disease in untreated birds, yet favor the controlled uptake and further replication of vaccinal oocysts. Various commercial vaccines are being used to control coccidiosis in several countries of the world in spite of their limitations in broiler and heavy roster birds, because of reduced weight gain and feed conversion ratios as compared to those prophylactically medicated chickens. Moreover, there is a risk of introducing unwanted Eimeria species into the environment due to the regional variation in the antigenicity of coccidial strains. Keeping in view, the present project was under taken to study the efficacy of egg propagated gametocytes (E. tenella; local isolates) vaccine under field conditions and its comparative efficacy with imported live vaccine. It also includes the molecular characterization of different local isolates of egg propagated gametocytes of E.