This book discusses how scientific and other types of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important and innovative changes in theories and concepts. Gathering revised contributions presented at the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR18), held on October 24-26 2018 in Seville, Spain, the book is divided into three main parts. The first focuses on models, reasoning, and representation. It highlights key theoretical concepts from an applied perspective, and addresses issues concerning information visualization, experimental methods, and design. The second part goes a step further, examining abduction, problem solving, and reasoning. The respective papers assess different types of reasoning, and discuss various concepts of inference and creativity and their relationship with experimental data. In turn, the third part reports on a number of epistemological and technological issues. By analyzing possible contradictions in modern research and describing representative case studies, this part is intended to foster new discussions and stimulate new ideas. All in all, the book provides researchers and graduate students in the fields of applied philosophy, epistemology, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence alike with an authoritative snapshot of the latest theories and applications of model-based reasoning.

This book discusses how scientific and other types of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important and innovative changes in theories and concepts. Gathering revised contributions presented at the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR18), held on October 24-26 2018 in Seville, Spain, the book is divided into three main parts. The first focuses on models, reasoning, and representation. It highlights key theoretical concepts from an applied perspective, and addresses issues concerning information visualization, experimental methods, and design. The second part goes a step further, examining abduction, problem solving, and reasoning. The respective papers assess different types of reasoning, and discuss various concepts of inference and creativity and their relationship with experimental data. In turn, the third part reports on a number of epistemological and technological issues. By analyzing possible contradictions in modern research and describing representative case studies, this part is intended to foster new discussions and stimulate new ideas. All in all, the book provides researchers and graduate students in the fields of applied philosophy, epistemology, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence alike with an authoritative snapshot of the latest theories and applications of model-based reasoning.

"How to Play Dialogues" constitutes the first introduction to Dialogical Logic aimed at the practice of dialogic containing precise comments on solutions to exercises in first-order classical, intuitionistic and elements of propositional modal logic. It is the first part of the work "The Dialogues of Logic," conceived in two separate autonomous texts on dialogical logic. The two texts should provide together a comprehensive technical and philosophical overview of the dialogical approach to logic.

Les arguments qui integrent des enonces intentionnels et fictionnels defient les lois de la logique classique en remettant en cause la validite de principes comme la generalisation existentielle ou la substitution des identiques. A l'interface entre phenomenologie et philosophie de la logique, l'intentionalite et la fictionalite sont abordees par Matthieu Fontaine en lien avec l'etude des pratiques argumentatives. Il se detache ainsi des approches purement referentialistes en s'appuyant sur l'idee selon laquelle, dans l'argumentation, la fiction emerge d'une interaction liee aux choix: Etre, c'est etre choisi L'auteur defend une theorie artefactuelle dans laquelle la notion de dependance ontologique occupe une place centrale. Cette notion de dependance ontologique est toutefois sujette a de graves difficultes, que l'auteur surmonte avec brio dans une semantique modale-temporelle.

Ce livre est le premier volume d'un ouvrage, Logique Dialogique: une introduction, concu selon deux parties autonomes sur la logique dialogique. Les deux volumes fournissent neanmoins, a un niveau technique et philosophique, une vue d'ensemble de l'approche dialogique de la logique. Constituant un support efficace et didactique pour apprendre les fondements et la pratique de la logique dialogique, elles s'adressent ainsi tant aux professeurs et enseignants pour la preparation de cours qu'aux etudiants qui veulent se former individuellement. Le premier volume, Methode de Dialogique: Regles et Exercices, constitue la premiere introduction a la pratique de la dialogique et contient des commentaires precis sur la solution d'exercices divers de logique classique de premier ordre, de logique intuitionniste et de logique modale propositionnelle. Le present volume est lui-meme ecrit en deux parties. La premiere etant ecrite pour le lecteur non specialise envisage, pour apprendre a jouer avec des dialogues, un point de vue analogue a la facon dont on apprend a jouer a des jeux conventionnels comme les echecs par exemple: on se familiarise avec les regles qui gouvernent les figures, les regles du developpement du jeu et finalement les regles qui produisent les strategies gagnantes. La deuxieme partie contient une formulation plus precise de ce qui a ete presente et travaille dans la premiere section. Elle se termine sur une justification de la correspondance entre la dialogique et le calcul des sequents. Le second volume presente un contenu plus avance incluant la metatheorie correspondante.