This volume debuts the new scope of Remote Sensing, which was first defined as the analysis of data collected by sensors that were not in physical contact with the objects under investigation (using cameras, scanners, and radar systems operating from spaceborne or airborne platforms). A wider characterization is now possible: Remote Sensing can be any non-destructive approach to viewing the buried and nominally invisible evidence of past activity. Spaceborne and airborne sensors, now supplemented by laser scanning, are united using ground-based geophysical instruments and undersea remote sensing, as well as other non-invasive techniques such as surface collection or field-walking survey. Now, any method that enables observation of evidence on or beneath the surface of the earth, without impact on the surviving stratigraphy, is legitimately within the realm of Remote Sensing. The new interfaces and senses engaged in Remote Sensing appear throughout the book. On a philosophical level, this is about the landscapes and built environments that reveal history through place and time. It is about new perspectives-the views of history possible with Remote Sensing and fostered in part by immersive, interactive 3D and 4D environments discussed in this volume. These perspectives are both the result and the implementation of technological, cultural, and epistemological advances in record keeping, interpretation, and conceptualization. Methodology presented here builds on the current ease and speed in collecting data sets on the scale of the object, site, locality, and landscape. As this volume shows, many disciplines surrounding archaeology and related cultural studies are currently involved in Remote Sensing, and its relevance will only increase as the methodology expands.

This volume debuts the new scope of Remote Sensing, which was first defined as the analysis of data collected by sensors that were not in physical contact with the objects under investigation (using cameras, scanners, and radar systems operating from spaceborne or airborne platforms). A wider characterization is now possible: Remote Sensing can be any non-destructive approach to viewing the buried and nominally invisible evidence of past activity. Spaceborne and airborne sensors, now supplemented by laser scanning, are united using ground-based geophysical instruments and undersea remote sensing, as well as other non-invasive techniques such as surface collection or field-walking survey. Now, any method that enables observation of evidence on or beneath the surface of the earth, without impact on the surviving stratigraphy, is legitimately within the realm of Remote Sensing. The new interfaces and senses engaged in Remote Sensing appear throughout the book. On a philosophical level, this is about the landscapes and built environments that reveal history through place and time. It is about new perspectives-the views of history possible with Remote Sensing and fostered in part by immersive, interactive 3D and 4D environments discussed in this volume. These perspectives are both the result and the implementation of technological, cultural, and epistemological advances in record keeping, interpretation, and conceptualization. Methodology presented here builds on the current ease and speed in collecting data sets on the scale of the object, site, locality, and landscape. As this volume shows, many disciplines surrounding archaeology and related cultural studies are currently involved in Remote Sensing, and its relevance will only increase as the methodology expands.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Interactive Technologies and Sociotechnical Systems, VSMM 2006, held in Xi'an, China in October 2006.

The 59 revised full papers presented together with one keynote paper were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 180 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on virtual reality and computer graphics, vision and image technology, geometry processing, collaborative systems and GIS-related, digital heritage and healthcare, sensing and robotics, as well as arts and gaming.

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remote Sensing in Archaeology held in Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India, in August 2009. Contents: 1) Identifying, Mapping and Managing the Unmanageable: the implications of long term multi-sensor research into the archaeology of the Vale of Pickering, Yorkshire, England (D. Powlesland); 2) Pushing the envelope for satellite archaeology in Egypt: Quickbird feature detection, predictive site modeling, and thermal site signatures (S. Parcak); 3) High-resolution, multi-spectral satellite imagery and extensive archaeological prospection: A case study from Apulia, Italy and Kazanlak, Bulgaria (A. Sobotova and S.A. Ross); 4)Archaeological Remote Sensing Approach in Honduras. A Project for Cultural Heritage and Human Habitats Protection (J.G. Rejas et al.); 5) Integrating Sar Data and Hyperspectral Analysis for the Archaeological Survey of the Segeda City, Spain (J.G. Rejas et al.); 6) Wavelet based feature extraction and classification using Differential evolution (R.A. Alagu Raja et al.); 7) Remote Sensing of Ancient Maya Land Use Features at Caracol, Belize Related to Rainforest Canopy Structure (J.F. Weishampel et al.); 8) A Study for Analyzing the Impact of Wavelet Scaling on Satellite Data Classification (R.A. Alagu Raja et al.); 9) Western Han Landscape and Remote Sensing Applications at Xi'an (China) (M. Forte); 10) Terrestrial Remote Sensing in Archaeology (M. K. Tiwari); 11) Ground-Based Icing Condition Remote Sensing System Definition (M. K. Tiwari); 12) The Role of Aerial Photographs for Interpreting Iron Age Communities in Eastern Scotland (A. Brend); 13) Historic aerial photography for archaeology and heritage management (D. Cowley and L. Ferguson); 14 Towards an improved archaeological record through the use of airborne laser scanning (O. Risb); 15) LiDAR surveys of ancient landscapes in SW Germany: Assessment of archaeological features under forests and attempts for automatic pattern recognition (B. Sittler and J. Heinzel); 16) Application of multispectral remote sensing imagery in detection of enclosure walls of ancient settlements in South India (M.B. Rajani and S. Settar); 17) Interpreting Aerial Imagery - developing best practice (R. Palmer and D. Cowley); 18) Worldview: the importance of diversity in human (spatial) thinking (J. Van der Elst); 19) To reconcile water and fire? Some discourse issues on the interpretation of aerial images (W. Raczkowski); 20) Geomatics techniques for the 3D documentation and visualization of archaeological building (S. Campana et al.); 21) Digital Videography: Recording, Preserving, and Disseminating Archaeological Data (M.K. Tiwaria); 22) Digital Photo Documentation of murals at Brihadisvara Temple, Tanjavur: A tool for Art Historians (P.S. Sriraman); 23) The importance of precision in georeferencing demonstrated in the case study of archaeological GIS of Chitradurga, Karnataka (N.S. Nalinia and M.B. Rajani); 24) Semi-Automated Data Capture and Image Processing: new routes to interactive 3D models (K. Galor and D.H. Sanders); 25) CENOBIUM - Putting together the Romanesque Cloister Capitals of the Mediterranean Region (M. Dellepiane et al.); 26) The Virtual Museum of the Western Han Dynasty: 3D Documentation and Interpretation (M. Forte et al); 27) The 'Cultural Heritage Map of Apulia' Project (A. Buglione et al); 28) Remote Sensing and GIS Application in the Management and Conservation of Heritage properties at Agra (D. Dayalan); 29) Digital Documentation of Buddhist Sites in Tamil Nadu (D. Dayalan); 30) Conservation and Environmental Issues of Taj Mahal (D. Dayalan); 31) Use of Re-projected Photos in the Conservation of the Order's Castle in Cesis (Latvia) (A. Lapins); 32) Damage documentation in shore temple Mahabalipuram India (A. Padma); 33) Rethinking Cultural Heritage: The Interface between Cultural and Natural Heritage in Protected Areas - multi media project (N. McClean); 34) Culture of Excavation and Sculptural Geometry of the Ground (C. Pozzi); 34) A Forgotten Heritage: Impact Assessment Studies at Prehistoric Sites in Tamil Nadu (S. Pappu); 35) Heritage Management on Mattancherry Palace, Kochi, Kerala (India) - a case study (K.K. Ramamurthy and K.P. Mohandas); 36) Pattanam Excavations and Explorations 2007 & 2008: An Overview (P.J. Cherian); 37) Resolution Invariant Content Based Retrieval of Artistic Images (S. Bama et al.); 38) Socio-economic impact assessment as a strategic management tool for heritage sites (J. Kaminski); 39) Geospatial database of Ahichchatra using Geoinformatics (A. Tare et al.); 40) Geoarchaeology of Central West Coast of India (B.R. Manjunatha); 41) Detection and Excavation of Remains of Underground Burial by Geophysics and Remote Sensing Methods (J. Peng et al.); 42) Reconstruction possibilities of the ancient Roman villas - based on air photographs, geodesical and geophysical surveys (A. Firnigl); 43) Application of Integrated Digital Technologies in the Study of Settlement archaeology of Kausambi Region (S.S. Rai); 44) Investigating Megalithic Astronomy: the role of remote sensing (S.M. Menon and M.N. Vahia); 45) Chronological Aspects of Functioning of the Set of North Indian Early Mediaeval Epigraphic Sources (A.A. Stolyarov); 46) The Archaeology of Ritual Spaces: Satellite Images and Early Chalukyan Temples (H.P. Ray); 47) Recent Applications of Archaeological Remote Sensing in Cambodia: An Overview (D. Evans); 48) Archaeology and landscape features in Magnetometer Data (M. Posselt and I. Heske); 49) Digital Historical atlas of South India (F. Borne et al); 50) Documentation and visualization of archaeological data (A. Pillai et al.); 51) Mapping Archaeological Sites of Tamil Nadu (K. Rajan); 52) An "Encyclopedia of Archaeological Heritage"? The Encyclopedia of Life as a model for digital cultural atlases (S.A. Ross); 53) Computer tools for creation of electronic atlases of the historical monuments state (S.B. Shchigorets et al.); 54) Dynamical mapping of migration of communities - Challenges and Issues (P. Sumabala); 55) Management of material heritage information: structured repository for travelers annotations over a qualified caravanserais inventory (C. Tavernari et al.); 56) A digital data-base for Iconography, Architecture and Epigraphy in the Pondicherry Centre of the Ecole francaise d'Extreme-Orient (V. Gillet).

This book collects articles from two different workshops organized in 2009 and 2010, one which aimed to analyse the epistemology of cyber-archaeology in relation to state of the art methods, theory, applications and overviews; the other focusing on collaborative environments, collaborative research, virtual models and simulation studies. The workshops drew together archaeologists, computer scientists, historians, cognitive scientists and art historians.

In 2001, UNESCO and the European Space Agency (ESA) launched the aeOpen Initiative on the Use of Space Technologies to Monitor Natural and Cultural Heritage of UNESCO SitesAe. The aeOpen InitiativeAe is a framework of cooperation to assist countries to improve the observation, monitoring and management of natural and cultural sites as well as of their surroundings, through space technologies. In this field of operations a group of experts, called International Working Group of Space Technologies for World Heritage, was created under the coordination of UNESCO, the present membership including representatives of CNR-ITABC (Italy), GORS (Syria), the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), NASA (US), ETH (Switzerland) and other European research centres and institutions. At the Beijing conference the topics discussed demonstrated clearly that the concept of Remote Sensing was significantly wider than in the past and involved the integration of numerous different technologies and fields of application: photogrammetry, air photography, air-photo mapping, airborne multi-spectral and thermal imagery, satellite imagery, geophysics, GIS but also, laser scanning, visualization displays, space models virtual reality. This conference at Rome in December 2006, building on these ideas, will aim to continue in this direction, promoting the use of integrated methodologies in remote sensing archaeology so as to help in the creation of new and sustainable policies in the monitoring, interpretation, fruition and communication of the cultural heritage. Including 67 papers from 10 sessions: SESSION 1: Satellite Remote Sensing Archaeology; SESSION 2: Aerial Archaeology: vertical ans oblique photography; SESSION 3: Aerial Archaeology: airborne scanning; SESSION 4: Ground-Based Remote Sensing Archaeology; SESSION 5: Integrated Technologies for Remote Sensing in Archaeology; SESSION 6: Interpreting Landscapes and Settlement Pattern Reconstruction; SESSION 7: Environment Analysis for Remote Sensing Archaeology; SESSION 8: 3D Visualization of Place and Landscapes; SESSION 9: Virtual Archaeological Reconstruction; SESSION 10: Landscapes, CRM and Ethics: POSTER SESSIONS.

The Reconstruction of Archaeological Landscapes through Digital Technologies: 18 Papers from the Italy-United States Workshop, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, November, 2001. Including: Landscape Archaeology in Tuscany: Cultural resource management, remotely sensed techniques, GIS based data integration and interprccardo Francovich); Hyperspectral airborne remote sensing as an aid to a better understanding and characterization of buried elements in different archaeological sites (Cavalli R.M., Marino C. M. and Pignatti S.); Archaeology at War (Armando De Guio); The Power of GIS and Remote Sensing: Multi-Scalar Spatial Analysis of Settlement Data in SE Pacific Coastal Guatemala and the Southern Maya Lowlands (Francisco Estrada-Belli); From Artifact to Landscape: A Theoretical Approach to a Simulated Reconstruction of Historical Processes in Ancient Ethiopia (Rodolfo Fattovich); Real Space Beyond Solid Models: Spatial Metadata in Ethnoarchaeology (Monica Foccillo, Andrea MAnzo, Cinzia Perlingieri, Rosario Perlingieri); Remote Sensing, GIS and Virtual Reconstruction of Archaeological Landscapes (Maurizio Forte); Mindscape: ecological thinking, cyber-anthropology and virtual archaeological landscapes (Maurizio Forte); Digital Technologies and Prehistoric Landscapes in the American Southwest (John Kantner and Ronald Hobgood); NASA archaeological research: a remote sensing approach (Marco J. Giardino, Troy E. Frisbee, Michael R. Thomas); Genetic Programming, and Traditional Statistics: towards Interpretation of Ancient Landscape and Social Simulation (Andrea Manzo, Cinzia Perlingieri); Preliminary recognition and analysis of archaeological mounds in the lower Sourou Valley (Burkina Faso)( Paolo Mozzi, Aldino Bondesan, Armando De Guio, Francesco Ferrarese, Giovanna Pizzaiolo); Archaeological Subsurface Site Reconstruction Using Computer Processing of GPR Data (Sheldon S. Sandler); Remote Sensing and the Location of the Ancient Tigris (Elizabeth C Stone); Hydraulic Landscapes and Social Relations in the Middle Horizon Andes (Patrick Ryan Williams); The Archaeologist, the Neural Networkroblems in Spatial and Cultural Cognition of Landscapes (Ezra Zubrow).

The 26th annual conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (1998) included a number of papers on virtual reality and its contribution to archaeology and to archaeologists. The 31 papers presented here reflect the wide range of applications of virtual reality, the various techniques used, and different methodological and theoretical approaches taken. Includes contributions on the facial reconstruction and visualisation of Egyptian mummies, a computer simulation of Stonehenge, a walk-through of an ancient Japanese village, virtual museums and other environments, and much more.

These twenty-four papers form the proceedings of two workshops (one held in Rome in 2003 and the other in Berkeley in 2005) which aimed to reconstruct the archaeological landscape through the application of GIS, spatial analysis, remote sensing, virual reality and other software. The landscapes and projects in question included the Digital Roman Forum Project, the Ca'Tron area of Venice, ancient Andean agricultural landscapes, the Appia Antica project, Santa Maria di Rescamone in Corsica, the identification and visualisation of Roman sites, the archaeology of war, the Tuscan plains and the tomb of Ramesses II. The technical and often methodological papers are fully illustrated.