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This book focuses on the issue of financial exclusion with
particular reference to the urban informal sector in India.
Continuing the work of its predecessor, the current Government of
India is also placing considerable importance on driving policy
initiatives for financial inclusion. However, financial exclusion
in urban areas, especially of the lower strata of the society has
not received the attention it deserves from researchers and
policymakers, even though urban poverty and deprivations are of
considerable importance in the present Indian context. The
challenges of financial inclusion and accessibility in the urban
areas differ substantially from those found in the rural regions
given the fact that the possibility of physical access to financial
services is much higher in urban areas. In order to provide a macro
perspective, the book begins with an analysis of the unit record
data on nature and extent of financial inclusion and access to
credit in urban India, based on Debt and Investment survey data
(59th and 70th rounds) provided by the National Sample Survey
Office (NSSO). In subsequent steps, the book discusses findings
from a primary survey carried out in the state of Karnataka of
self-employed persons engaged in informal services sector. This
exercise has helped to comprehend the ways in which they currently
meet their financial needs for different income generating
purposes, the terms and conditions under which they do so, and the
challenges that remained for possible interventions. Experiences of
other developing nations in their attempts to ensure financial
inclusion and the lesson learnt thereby are the other highlights of
the book.
This book on the fisheries sector in India, through primary surveys
as well as secondary literature, brings out various nuances of the
sector and its trade opportunities, the complexities surrounding
the supply chain of fish, as well as the evolution of its marketing
channels. A distinctive feature of this book is that it carries out
a comprehensive mapping of the fisheries supply chain, by taking
into account both marine and freshwater fish. It identifies various
players, especially traders who take part in the product flow,
irrespective of the impact each of them has on the value provided
to the end customer. While members of the supply chain include all
individuals or organisations between whom interaction takes place,
directly or indirectly from the point of production to consumption,
this study also distinguishes between primary and peripheral
members to make a complex network more manageable. Moreover, the
book provides a comprehensive analysis of the emerging marketing
channels- both organised and unorganised- in this highly perishable
food segment. It provides important insights into the current
scenario, focusing on the emergence of newer forms of marketing
such as multinationals and e-retailing, while highlighting how
traditional forms such as 'mom-and-pop' shops have continued to
sustain, despite the challenges they face. The findings from India
are also compared to global experiences of other fish producing and
exporting countries such as Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Thailand to
offer a comparison of the differences and similarities in the
supply chains of various countries. The book provides important
takeaways for researchers and PhD scholars working in the area of
fisheries as well as supply chains. Since this book is based on
field visits to different parts of the country it brings out the
ground realities along with interesting insights and important
policy implications for the sector, and should, therefore, appeal
to policymakers as well.
This book examines the important issue of rural and urban
indebtedness using two important surveys viz., "All India Debt and
Investment Survey," and the "Situation Assessment Survey (SAS)," of
the farmer households. The work highlights the nature and extent of
indebtedness at the national level and also for selected states in
India. It takes into consideration various households level
characteristics such as economic status of the household, social
status and weaker sections such as female headed households.The
analysis draws attention to a number of significant aspects such as
extent of use of loan for different purposes distinguished as
different income generating and non- income generating purposes;
the relation between sources of credit (formal vs. informal), terms
and conditions of a loan and economic and social status of a
household, and so on. It stressed the necessity of strengthening
the Self Help Group Bank Linkage Programme and similar programmes
for farmer groups which can be an effective means to bring weaker
and deprived sections to the net of the formal banks and strengthen
the financial inclusion programme.
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