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The most recent Ebola epidemic that began in late 2013 alerted the
entire world to the gaps in infectious disease emergency
preparedness and response. The regional outbreak that progressed to
a significant public health emergency of international concern
(PHEIC) in a matter of months killed 11,310 and infected more than
28,616. While this outbreak bears some unique distinctions to past
outbreaks, many characteristics remain the same and contributed to
tragic loss of human life and unnecessary expenditure of capital:
insufficient knowledge of the disease, its reservoirs, and its
transmission; delayed prevention efforts and treatment; poor
control of the disease in hospital settings; and inadequate
community and international responses. Recognizing the opportunity
to learn from the countless lessons of this epidemic, the National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a
workshop in March 2015 to discuss the challenges to successful
outbreak responses at the scientific, clinical, and global health
levels. Workshop participants explored the epidemic from multiple
perspectives, identified important questions about Ebola that
remained unanswered, and sought to apply this understanding to the
broad challenges posed by Ebola and other emerging pathogens, to
prevent the international community from being taken by surprise
once again in the face of these threats. This publication
summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Table of Contents Front Matter 1 Introduction 2 The Outbreak 3
Global Preparedness and Response Efforts 4 Current and Future
Research Opportunities Appendix A: References Appendix B: Ebola: A
View from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Appendix C: Ebola Virus Disease Preparedness in Germany: Expertise
Focused in Specialized Laboratories, Competence, and Treatment
Centers Appendix D: Statement of Task Appendix E: Workshop Agenda
Appendix F: Speaker Biographies
Emerging infectious disease threats that may not have available
treatments or vaccines can directly affect the security of the
world's health since these diseases also know no boundaries and
will easily cross borders. Sustaining public and private investment
in the development of medical countermeasures (MCMs) before an
emerging infectious disease becomes a public health emergency in
the United States has been extremely challenging. Interest and
momentum peak during a crisis and wane between events, and there is
little interest in disease threats outside the United States until
they impact people stateside. On March 26 and 27, 2015, the
Institute of Medicine convened a workshop in Washington, DC to
discuss how to achieve rapid and nimble MCM capability for new and
emerging threats. Public- and private-sector stakeholders examined
recent efforts to prepare for and respond to outbreaks of Ebola
Virus Disease, pandemic influenza, and coronaviruses from policy,
budget, and operational standpoints. Participants discussed the
need for rapid access to MCM to ensure national security and
considered strategies and business models that could enhance
stakeholder interest and investment in sustainable response
capabilities. This report summarizes the presentations and
discussions from this workshop. Table of Contents Front Matter 1
Introduction 2 A Wake-Up Call: The 2014 Ebola Outbreak Response 3
Preparedness as an Issue of National Security 4 Rapid Development
of Ebola Vaccines 5 Influenza Risk Assessment and Pandemic
Preparedness 6 Developing MCMs for Coronaviruses 7 Sustainable
Business Models to Ensure Rapid and Nimble Responses 8 Supporting
MCM Development Across Threats and Funding Cycles A References B
Acronyms and Abbreviations C Statement of Task D Agenda E
Biosketches of Invited Speakers and Facilitators
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