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Emissions Trading Systems (ETS) have been hailed as a game changer
for the evolving climate crisis. This book provides an in-depth
analysis of China’s carbon ETS, including its legal and policy
frameworks, carbon market mechanisms, and international and
comparative implications. With nine cutting-edge topics divided
into three thematic parts, this comprehensive book probes the
essential concepts, contemporary research, and key elements of
carbon emissions trading in China. Multidisciplinary in scope, the
book draws on insights from law, policy, economics, environmental
management, and geopolitics, to provide a comprehensive and nuanced
analysis of the development of carbon emissions trading in China.
Placing China’s carbon ETS within the broader context of
international efforts to address climate change, it provides a
comparative perspective with international value. This book will be
an essential resource for scholars and researchers of international
and comparative climate law and policy, environmental management,
economics, and climate politics. It will prove an indispensable
guide for students of Chinese law, climate law, environmental
policy, and comparative environmental law. Practitioners,
policymakers, and government officials working in climate
governance seeking the state-of-the-art of the development of ETS
in China will also benefit greatly from its insights.
The principle of the conventional activated sludge (CAS) for
municipal wastewater treatment is primarily based on biological
oxidation by which organic matters are converted to biomass and
carbon dioxide. After more than 100 years' successful application,
the CAS process is receiving increasing critiques on its high
energy consumption and excessive sludge generation. Currently,
almost all municipal wastewater treatment plants with the CAS as a
core process are being operated in an energy-negative fashion. To
tackle such challenging situations, there is a need to re-examine
the present wastewater treatment philosophy by developing and
adopting novel process configurations and emerging technologies.
The solutions going forward should rely on the ways to improve
direct energy recovery from wastewater, while minimizing in-plant
energy consumption. This book begins with a critical overview of
the energy situation and challenges in current municipal wastewater
treatment plants, showing the necessity of the paradigm shift from
removal to recovery in terms of energy and resource. As such, the
concept of A-B process is discussed in detail in the book. It
appears that various A-B process configurations are able to provide
possible engineering solutions in which A-stage is primarily
designed for COD capture with the aim for direct anaerobic
treatment without producing excessive biosludge, while B-stage is
designated for nitrogen removal. Making the wastewater treatment
energy self-sustainable is obviously of global significance and
eventually may become a game changer for the global market of the
municipal wastewater reclamation technology. The principal
audiences include practitioners, professionals, university
researchers, undergraduate and post-graduate students who are
interested and specialized in municipal wastewater treatment and
process design, environmental engineering, and environmental
biotechnology.
In the Qing period (1644-1912), China's population tripled, and the
flurry of new development generated unprecedented demand for
timber. Standard environmental histories have often depicted this
as an era of reckless deforestation, akin to the resource misuse
that devastated European forests at the same time. This
comprehensive new study shows that the reality was more complex: as
old-growth forests were cut down, new economic arrangements emerged
to develop renewable timber resources. Historian Meng Zhang traces
the trade routes that connected population centers of the Lower
Yangzi Delta to timber supplies on China's southwestern frontier.
She documents innovative property rights systems and economic
incentives that convinced landowners to invest years in growing
trees. Delving into rare archives to reconstruct business
histories, she considers both the formal legal mechanisms and the
informal interactions that helped balance economic profit with
environmental management. Of driving concern were questions of
sustainability: How to maintain a reliable source of timber across
decades and centuries? And how to sustain a business network across
a thousand miles? This carefully constructed study makes a major
contribution to Chinese economic and environmental history and to
world-historical discourses on resource management, early modern
commercialization, and sustainable development.
Digital Twin Driven Smart Manufacturing examines the background,
latest research, and application models for digital twin
technology, and shows how it can be central to a smart
manufacturing process. The interest in digital twin in
manufacturing is driven by a need for excellent product
reliability, and an overall trend towards intelligent, and
connected manufacturing systems. This book provides an ideal entry
point to this subject for readers in industry and academia, as it
answers the questions: (a) What is a digital twin? (b) How to
construct a digital twin? (c) How to use a digital twin to improve
manufacturing efficiency? (d) What are the essential activities in
the implementation of a digital twin? (e) What are the most
important obstacles to overcome for the successful deployment of a
digital twin? (f) What are the relations between digital twin and
New Technologies? (g) How to combine digital twin with the New
Technologies to achieve high efficiency and smartness in
manufacturing? This book focuses on these problems as it aims to
help readers make the best use of digital twin technology towards
smart manufacturing.
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