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Due to the long presence of Muslims in Islamic territories
(Al-Andalus and Granada) and of Muslims minorities in the
Christians parts, the Iberian Peninsula provides a fertile soil for
the study of the Qur'an and Qur'an translations made by both
Muslims and Christians. From the mid-twelfth century to at least
the end of the seventeenth, the efforts undertaken by Christian
scholars and churchmen, by converts, by Muslims (both Mudejars and
Moriscos) to transmit, interpret and translate the Holy Book are of
the utmost importance for the understanding of Islam in Europe.
This book reflects on a context where Arabic books and Arabic
speakers who were familiar with the Qur'an and its exegesis
coexisted with Christian scholars. The latter not only intended to
convert Muslims, and polemize with them but also to adquire solid
knowledge about them and about Islam. Qur'ans were seized during
battle, bought, copied, translated, transmitted, recited, and
studied. The different features and uses of the Qur'an on Iberian
soil, its circulation as well as the lives and works of those who
wrote about it and the responses of their audiences, are the object
of this book.
In the late fifteenth century, many of the Jews expelled from Spain
made their way to Morocco and established a dynamic community in
Fez. A number of Jewish families became prominent in commerce and
public life there. Among the Jews of Fez of Hispanic origin was
Samuel Pallache, who served the Moroccan sultan as a commercial and
diplomatic agent in Holland until Pallache's death in 1616. Before
that, he had tried to return with his family to Spain, and to this
end he tried to convert to Catholicism and worked as an informer,
intermediary, and spy in Moroccan affairs for the Spanish court.
Later he became a privateer against Spanish ships and was tried in
London for that reason. His religious identity proved to be as
mutable as his political allegiances: when in Amsterdam, he was
devoutly Jewish; when in Spain, a loyal converso (a baptized Jew).
In A Man of Three Worlds, Mercedes GarcA-a-Arenal and Gerard
Wiegers view Samuel Pallache's world as a microcosm of early modern
society, one far more interconnected, cosmopolitan, and fluid than
is often portrayed. Pallache's missions and misadventures took him
from Islamic Fez and Catholic Spain to Protestant England and
Holland. Through these travels, the authors explore the workings of
the Moroccan sultanate and the Spanish court, the Jewish
communities of Fez and Amsterdam, and details of the
Atlantic-Mediterranean trade. At once a sweeping view of two
continents, three faiths, and five nation-states and an intimate
story of one man's remarkable life, A Man of Three Worlds is
history at its most compelling.
Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur (1578-1603) was one of the most important
rulers in the history of Morocco, which to this day bears the mark
of his twenty-five year rule in the sixteenth century. Though famed
for his cunning diplomacy in the power struggle over the
Mediterranean, and his allegiance with Britain against Spain in the
conquest for the newly discovered Americas, he was more than a
political and military tactician. A descendent of the Prophet
Muhammad himself, al-Mansur was a charismatic religious authority
with ambitions to become Caliph and ruler of all Muslims. Spanning
four continents, Dr. Garcia-Arenal places this fascinating figure
in a context of political intrigue, discovery and military
conquest. With insightful analysis, a glossary and a guide to
further reading, this book is the ideal introduction to a
multifaceted figure who fully deserves the epithet "Maker of the
Muslim World".
This interdisciplinary collection explores how the early modern
pursuit of knowledge in very different spheres - from Inquisitional
investigations to biblical polemics to popular healing - was
conditioned by a shared desire for certainty, and how
epistemological crises produced by the religious upheavals of early
modern Europe were also linked to the development of new scientific
methods. Questions of representation became newly fraught as the
production of knowledge increasingly challenged established
orthodoxies. The volume focuses on the social and institutional
dimensions of inquiry in light of political and cultural
challenges, while also foregrounding the Hispanic world, which has
often been left out of histories of scepticism and modernity.
Featuring essays by historians and literary scholars from Europe
and the United States, The Quest for Certainty in Early Modern
Europe reconstructs the complexity of early modern epistemological
debates across the disciplines, in a variety of cultural, social,
and intellectual locales.
This collection takes a new approach to understanding religious
plurality in the Iberian Peninsula and its Mediterranean and
northern European contexts. Focusing on polemics-works that attack
or refute the beliefs of religious Others-this volume aims to
challenge the problematic characterization of Iberian Jews,
Muslims, and Christians as homogeneous groups. From the high Middle
Ages to the end of the seventeenth century, Christian efforts to
convert groups of Jews and Muslims, Muslim efforts to convert
Christians and Jews, and the defensive efforts of these communities
to keep their members within the faiths led to the production of
numerous polemics. This volume brings together a wide variety of
case studies that expose how the current historiographical focus on
the three religious communities as allegedly homogeneous groups
obscures the diversity within the Christian, Jewish, and Muslim
communities as well as the growing ranks of skeptics and outright
unbelievers. Featuring contributions from a range of academic
disciplines, this paradigm-shifting book sheds new light on the
cultural and intellectual dynamics of the conflicts that marked
relations among these religious communities in the Iberian
Peninsula and beyond. In addition to the editors, the contributors
are Antoni Biosca i Bas, Thomas E. Burman, Monica Colominas
Aparicio, John Dagenais, Oscar de la Cruz, Borja Franco Llopis,
Linda G. Jones, Daniel J. Lasker, Davide Scotto, Teresa Soto, Ryan
Szpiech, Pieter Sjoerd van Koningsveld, and Carsten Wilke.
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