This book tells for the first time, in rich detail, and without apologetics, what Americans have done, in the voluntary sector and often without official sanction, for human welfare in all parts of the world. Beneath the currently fashionable rhetoric of anti-colonialism is the story of people who have aided victims of natural disasters such as famines and earthquakes, and what they contributed to such agencies of cultural and social life as libraries, schools, and colleges. The work of an assortment of individuals, from missionaries to foundation executives, has advanced public health, international education, and technical assistance to the Third World. These people have also assisted in relief and relocation of refugees, displaced persons, and those who suffered religious and racial persecution. These activities were especially noteworthy following the two world wars of the twentieth century. The United States established great foundations-Carnegie, Rosenwald, Phelps-Stokes, Rockefeller, Ford, among others-which provided another face of capitalist accumulation to those in backward economic regions and those suffering political persecution. These were meshed with religious relief agencies of all denominations that also contributed to make possible what Arnold Toynbee called "a century in which civilized man made the benefits of progress available to all mankind." This is a massive work requiring more than five years of research, drawing upon a wide array of hitherto unavailable materials and source documents.

This is a new release of the original 1954 edition.

Essays Written By Paul M. Angle, E. E. Dale, Paul W. Gates, Harry E. Pratt, Carl Wittke And Conrad Bergendoff.

PEACE OR WAR THE AMERICAN STRUGGLE 1636-1936 PEACE OR WAR THE AMERICAN STRUGGLE 1636 - 1 3 BY MERLE CURTI Professor of History, Smith College W-W-NORTON COMPANY NEW YORK To MARGARKT WOOSTER CURTI CONTENTS PROSPECT ii I. THE PIONEERS, 1636-1860 16 Attitudes of colonial Americans towards peace and war The American Revo lution its relation to militarism, anti militarism, and pacifism The Jefferson Embargo as an instrument for keeping out of Europes wars in the Napoleonic period War of 1812 defeatism, paci fist opposition The origins of the peace movement The Rush-Bagot Convention Philosophy and tactics of the pre-Civil War peace movement The leaders in the peace crusade Failures and achieve ments IL THE TEST OF CIVIL WAR, 1861-1865 47 The effort to compromise and prevent war on the eve of conflict Stop the war Copperheads and defeatists Quak ers pacifists Anglo-American contro versies The Trent, the Alabama, attitudes CONTENTS and activities of the American and Eng lish friends of peace Cleavage between American and British peace move nents Effects of the Civil War on the fight for peace in our subsequent history Effects of the Civil War on the peace movement abroad III. THE RENEWAL OF THE STRUGGLE, 1865-1885 74 Resources and leadership The stimulus of the European revival of international ism and pacifism Let us have peace the peace move nent and Reconstruction The challenge of the Indian wars the Quakers try non-violence The cam paign for arbitration and the reform and codification of international law Charles Sumner, David Dudley Field, etc. The Franco-Prussian War IV. ALLIES AND OBSTACLES 1870-1900 104 The inherited ideals of the American peo ple The passing of the frontier Indus trialconflicts and business enterprise Immigration Feminism New currents of thought theory of evolution, social Darwinism, Mutual Aid The new technology of warfare. Growth of juris prudence. Socialism and anarchism CONTENTS 9 V. PROPAGANDA AND PRESSURE, 1870-1898 136 Resources and personnel Programs and principles Propaganda techniques the pacifist lobby in Washington The chang ing attitudes of public men The cam paign - for permanent arbitration treaties The fight against militarism and navalism VI. IMPERIALISM AND WORLD ORGANI ZATION, 1890-1907 i 66 The Spanish-American War Imperialism and anti-imperialism The Pan-American Conferences The Hague Conferences VII. TOWARD VICTORY 1900-1914 196 Growth and expansion the endowments and foundations the academic support ers the coming of European interna tionalists the Inter-parliamentary Union The peace congresses, international and national Schools and colleges The churches Business and labor The Taft and Bryan Treaties The peace move ment in Congress VIII. THE WORLD AT WAR, 1914-1918 228 Lay do um your Arms efforts to stop the war The fight against Americas en trance into the war, official and un io CONTENTS official The Socialists and the War . Conscientious objection The crusade for a League of Nations and a durable peace The effects of the war a. On the peace movement itself b. On thought and - feeling IX. THE STRUGGLE RENEWED AGAIN, 1918-1936 262 The post-war growth in the peace move ment New propaganda techniques The leading anti-war groups The left wing attack on war A united peace front Munitions, sanctions, and neu trality X. RETROSPECT 3 oi Factors of strength and weakness in the American struggle against war Has the peace movement -failed The new em phasis on economic causes of war the challenge of today ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 3 u NOTES INDEX 359 PROSPECT WE in America are today talking more earnestly than ever before about the necessity of keeping out of the worlds next war. Almost daily we read in our morning papers of some new effort to make our recent neutrality legislation effective, of the cry for isolation from the seething troubles of a des perate world...

Essays Written By Paul M. Angle, E. E. Dale, Paul W. Gates, Harry E. Pratt, Carl Wittke And Conrad Bergendoff.