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Originally published in the UK in 1970. The central argument of
this book is that the structuralist theory and method developed by
British and American anthropologists in the study of kinship and
social organization are the direct descendants of the researches of
Lewis Henry Morgan. Re-examining Morgan's work, the book
demonstrates how a tradition of mis-interpretation has disguised
the true import of Morgan's discoveries and ideas for Rivers and
Radcliffe-Brown and the generation of anthropologists inspired by
them.
One of the world's most eminent social anthropologists draws upon
his many years of study and research in the field of kinship and
social organization to review the development of anthropological
theory and method from Lewis Henry Morgan (1818-1881) to
anthropologists of the 1960s. It is the central argument of this
book that the structuralist theory and method developed by British
and American anthropologists in the study of kinship and social
organization is the direct descendant of Morgan's researches. The
volume starts with a re-examination of Morgan's work. Professor
Fortes demonstrates how a tradition of misinterpretation has
disguised the true import of Morgan's discoveries. He follows with
a detailed analysis of the work of Rivers and Radcliffe-Brown and
the generation of anthropologists inspired by them. The author
states his own point of view as it has developed in the framework
of modern structuralist theory, with ethnographic examples examined
in depth. He shows that the social relations and institutions
conventionally grouped under the rubric of kinship and social
organization belong simultaneously to two complementary domains of
social structure, the familial and the political. Meyer Fortes'
contribution to the field of anthropology can best be understood in
the context of balance of forces between these domains of the
personal and public. In the latter part of the book, he gives
detailed attention to the principal conceptual issues that have
confronted research and theory in the study of kinship and social
organizations since Morgan's time. He shows that kinship
institutions are autonomous, not mere by-products of economic
requirements, and demonstrates the moral base of kinship in the
rule of amity.
One of the world's most eminent social anthropologists draws
upon his many years of study and research in the field of kinship
and social organization to review the development of
anthropological theory and method from Lewis Henry Morgan
(1818-1881) to anthropologists of the 1960s. It is the central
argument of this book that the structuralist theory and method
developed by British and American anthropologists in the study of
kinship and social organization is the direct descendant of
Morgan's researches. The volume starts with a re-examination of
Morgan's work. Professor Fortes demonstrates how a tradition of
misinterpretation has disguised the true import of Morgan's
discoveries. He follows with a detailed analysis of the work of
Rivers and Radcliffe-Brown and the generation of anthropologists
inspired by them. The author states his own point of view as it has
developed in the framework of modern structuralist theory, with
ethnographic examples examined in depth. He shows that the social
relations and institutions conventionally grouped under the rubric
of kinship and social organization belong simultaneously to two
complementary domains of social structure, the familial and the
political. Meyer Fortes' contribution to the field of anthropology
can best be understood in the context of balance of forces between
these domains of the personal and public. In the latter part of the
book, he gives detailed attention to the principal conceptual
issues that have confronted research and theory in the study of
kinship and social organizations since Morgan's time. He shows that
kinship institutions are autonomous, not mere by-products of
economic requirements, and demonstrates the moral base of kinship
in the rule of amity. "Meyer Fortes," born in South Africa, became
one of the world's leading social anthropologists and his work set
the standard for all subsequent studies of African social
organization. He trained with Seligman, Malinowski, and Firth; was
a reader in social anthropology at Oxford University where he
worked with Radcliffe-Brown and Evans-Pritchard; and from 1950-1973
he was William Wyse Professor of Social Anthropology at the
University of Cambridge. He died in 1983. "Lionel Tiger" is the
Charles Darwin Professor of Anthropology at Rutgers University, and
a widely published Transaction author.
Originally published in the UK in 1970. The central argument of
this book is that the structuralist theory and method developed by
British and American anthropologists in the study of kinship and
social organization are the direct descendants of the researches of
Lewis Henry Morgan. Re-examining Morgan's work, the book
demonstrates how a tradition of mis-interpretation has disguised
the true import of Morgan's discoveries and ideas for Rivers and
Radcliffe-Brown and the generation of anthropologists inspired by
them.
Originally published in 1949, this book takes the analysis of Tale
social structure further. It shows how the patriarchal principle
regulates domestic life and thus moulds individual development
among the Tallensi. The analysis of the inter-connexion of Legal,
econoic and personal relationships sheds new light on the general
problems of social organization in patriarchal societies, both in
Africa and elsewhere.
Originally published in 1945, this book analyses Tale social
structure at the level of corporate group organization. Tale
culture is discussed primarily as the content of social relations
and not in its own right. Customs, beliefs, conventional usages,
religious values are examined as indices of social relations.
Although not a comparative study, it is clear that many features of
Tale social organization are typical of patrilineal societies in
West Africa and some Tale institutions have parallels in South,
East, and Central Africa. Field work showed that every significant
social activity among the Tallensi is tied up with the lineage
system and the book therefore investigates the function of lineage
in Tale social organization.
Originally published in 1945, this book analyses Tale social
structure at the level of corporate group organization. Tale
culture is discussed primarily as the content of social relations
and not in its own right. Customs, beliefs, conventional usages,
religious values are examined as indices of social relations.
Although not a comparative study, it is clear that many features of
Tale social organization are typical of patrilineal societies in
West Africa and some Tale institutions have parallels in South,
East, and Central Africa. Field work showed that every significant
social activity among the Tallensi is tied up with the lineage
system and the book therefore investigates the function of lineage
in Tale social organization.
Originally published in 1949, this book takes the analysis of Tale
social structure further. It shows how the patriarchal principle
regulates domestic life and thus moulds individual development
among the Tallensi. The analysis of the inter-connexion of Legal,
econoic and personal relationships sheds new light on the general
problems of social organization in patriarchal societies, both in
Africa and elsewhere.
AFRICAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS by Fortes, Meyer CONTENTS: EDITORS' NOTE.
PREFACE. Professor A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, M.A. (Cantab.), Emeritus
Professor of Social Anthropology in the University of Oxford
INTRODUCTION. Dr. M. Fortes and Professor E. E. Evans-Pntchard Aims
of this Book. A Representative Sample of African. Societies.
Political Philosophy and Comparative Politics. The Two Types of
Political System Studied. Kinship in Political Organization. The
Influence of Demography. The Influence of Mode of Livelihood.
Composite Political Systems and the Conquest Theory. The
Territorial Aspect. The Balance of Forces in the Political System,
The Incidence and Function of Organised Force. Differences in
Response to European Rule. The Mystical Values Associated with
Political Office. The Problem of the Limits of the Political Group.
THE KINGDOM OF THE ZULU OF SOUTH AFRICA. Max Gluckman. B.A. (How.)
(Witwatersrand), D.Phil. (Oxon). Professor of Social Anthropology
in the University of Manchester Historical Introduction. The Zulu
King and the State. Status and Political Power. The Tribes within
the Nation, Sanctions on Authority and the Stability of the State.
The People and their Leaders. The Period of European Rule.
Conclusion. THE POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NGWATO OF
BECHUANALAND PROTECTORATE. /. Schapera, M.A, (Cape town), Ph.D.,
D.Sc.(London), F.R.S.S.Af. Professor of Social Anthropology in the
University of Cape toton Ethnic Composition and Territorial
Constitution. The Administrative System. Powers and Authority of
the Chief. Rights and Responsibilities of Chieftainship. THE
POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE BEMBA TRIBE NORTHEASTERN RHODESIA. Audrey
I. Richards, M.A(Cantab\ Ph.D.(London). Reader inSocial
Anthropology at the London School of Economics and Political
Science, University of London 83Bantu Political Organization Some
General Features The Bemba Tribe: Tribal Composition Social
Grouping Kinship Local Grouping Rank Other Principles of Social
Grouping Economic Background White Administration. Bases of
Authority: The Dogma of Descent Legal Rules of Descent and
Succession. Functions and Prerogatives of Authority: The Headman
the Chief. The Machinery of Government: Administrative Military
Judicial Advisory, The Integration of the Tribe. Post-European
Changes: New Authorities introduced Effects of the 1929 Ordinances.
THE KINGDOM OF ANKOLE IN UGANDA K. Oberg, A.M., Ph.D.(Chicago)t
Escola Livre de Sociologia e Politica, SSo Paulo, Brazil
Traditional and Historical Background. Political Status, the King
and the Royal Kraal. Tribute. The Cult of Bagyendanwa. Succession.
Conclusion.
AFRICAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS by Fortes, Meyer CONTENTS: EDITORS' NOTE.
PREFACE. Professor A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, M.A. (Cantab.), Emeritus
Professor of Social Anthropology in the University of Oxford
INTRODUCTION. Dr. M. Fortes and Professor E. E. Evans-Pntchard Aims
of this Book. A Representative Sample of African. Societies.
Political Philosophy and Comparative Politics. The Two Types of
Political System Studied. Kinship in Political Organization. The
Influence of Demography. The Influence of Mode of Livelihood.
Composite Political Systems and the Conquest Theory. The
Territorial Aspect. The Balance of Forces in the Political System,
The Incidence and Function of Organised Force. Differences in
Response to European Rule. The Mystical Values Associated with
Political Office. The Problem of the Limits of the Political Group.
THE KINGDOM OF THE ZULU OF SOUTH AFRICA. Max Gluckman. B.A. (How.)
(Witwatersrand), D.Phil. (Oxon). Professor of Social Anthropology
in the University of Manchester Historical Introduction. The Zulu
King and the State. Status and Political Power. The Tribes within
the Nation, Sanctions on Authority and the Stability of the State.
The People and their Leaders. The Period of European Rule.
Conclusion. THE POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NGWATO OF
BECHUANALAND PROTECTORATE. /. Schapera, M.A, (Cape town), Ph.D.,
D.Sc.(London), F.R.S.S.Af. Professor of Social Anthropology in the
University of Cape toton Ethnic Composition and Territorial
Constitution. The Administrative System. Powers and Authority of
the Chief. Rights and Responsibilities of Chieftainship. THE
POLITICAL SYSTEM OF THE BEMBA TRIBE NORTHEASTERN RHODESIA. Audrey
I. Richards, M.A-(Cantab\ Ph.D.(London). Reader in Social
Anthropology at the London School of Economics and Political
Science, University of London 83Bantu Political Organization Some
General Features The Bemba Tribe: Tribal Composition Social
Grouping Kinship Local Grouping Rank Other Principles of Social
Grouping Economic Background White Administration. Bases of
Authority: The Dogma of Descent Legal Rules of Descent and
Succession. Functions and Prerogatives of Authority: The Headman
the Chief. The Machinery of Government: Administrative Military
Judicial Advisory, The Integration of the Tribe. Post-European
Changes: New Authorities introduced Effects of the 1929 Ordinances.
THE KINGDOM OF ANKOLE IN UGANDA K. Oberg, A.M., Ph.D.(Chicago)t
Escola Livre de Sociologia e Politica, SSo Paulo, Brazil
Traditional and Historical Background. Political Status, the King
and the Royal Kraal. Tribute. The Cult of Bagyendanwa. Succession.
Conclusion.
Continuing a policy of devoting a whole issue to a single topic,
the third volume of the series deals with aspects of marriage in
tribal societies. Three papers by Esther Goody, Grace Harris and
Jean La Fontaine give accounts of observations in African tribal
societies; the fourth, by Marguerite Robinson, is a reassessment of
Malinowski's data on the Trobrian islanders. Marriage in tribal
societies is a transaction: it is also an institution with a place
in the social structure. Status in marriage is seen as a crucial
issue. The movement from filial to conjugal status in a first
marriage is fundamental and irreversible; it is not diminished by
subsequent divorce and remarriage. The partners may change, the
status remains. Nevertheless, the rights and obligations of
marriage, once authorised, are meant to be respected by all others.
Hence the jural penalties for adultery. These are some of the
themes which initiate important theoretical discussions in these
papers. In his introductory essay Professor Fortes unifies the
material, notes the important generalizations which emerge, and
points the way to further research.
Among the Berti of Northern Darfur (Sudan), as among many Muslim
societies, the formal religious practices are predominantly the
concern of men, while local, unorthodox customary rituals are
performed mainly by women. It is usual to dismiss such local,
popular practices as pre-Islamic survivals, but Professor Holy
shows that the customary rituals constitute an integral part of the
religious system of the Berti. Carefully analysing the symbolic
statements made in Berti rituals, Professor Holy demonstrates that
the distinction between the two classes of rituals is an expression
of the gender relationships characteristic of the society. He also
examines the social distribution of knowledge about Islam, and
explains the role of the religious schools in sustaining religious
ideas. The work is not only an ethnographic study of ritual, belief
and gender in an African society. It also makes a significant
contribution to current anthropological discussion of the
interpretation and meaning of rituals and symbols.
Meyer Fortes (1906-1982) was one of the foremost anthropologists of
this century, who for many years worked among the Tallensi of
northern Ghana. Although he published seminally important
monographs on Tallensi family and kinship and on political
organization, his work on their religion has hitherto remained
confined to disparate journals and edited volumes. This collection
brings together in one place his major writings on religion.
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